5^th World Congress on Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Surgeons May 01-02, 2019 Seoul, South Korea

Neonatology is basically the subpart of Pediatrics or to be precise, it is a specialization which deals with the complex health issues related to the newborns. When it is about the complications in pregnancy, premature birth or any other birth defect then the role of a Neonatologist comes into play at a broad level. Today, in most of the recognized hospitals, the newborns are kept in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). To understand every infant’s biology and the basic or advanced diseases related to its birth is pretty complex and Neonatology is the medical sector that makes the process easy.

Fetal surgery is done when the baby isn't relied upon to live sufficiently long to endure to delivery or to live long after birth except if fetal medical surgery is performed. For example, if an embryo has an extreme type of innate diaphragmatic hernia, in which the liver is situated in the chest and lung improvement is seriously confined, fetal surgery is done to decrease the seriousness of the issue and allow the infant to live to birth to undergo further corrective surgery.

Congenital Malformations can be a result of:

·         Genetics

·         Lifestyle choices and behaviors

·         Exposure to certain medications and chemicals

·         Infections during pregnancy

·         A combination of these factors

The non-genetic causes of Congenital Malformations include smoking, illegal drugs, and alcohol. Other factors which can also increase the risk of Congenital Malformations are toxic chemicals and viruses.

The part of a pediatric nurse is both minding and restoring. Minding is a consistent procedure in both well-being and disease. It refers to a helping controlling and guiding. Curing refers to the act of management usually during illness.

Pediatric Nursing Goals:

·         Standardize the life of the child amid hospitalization in anticipation of the family home, school, and community.

·         Minimize the impact of the child's unique condition.

·         Foster maximal growth and development.

·         Create reasonable, functional and composed home tend to the children and families.

·         Respect the roles of the families in the care of their children.

·         Prevention of disease and promotion of health of the child.

This scientific session of the Pediatric Surgery 2019 mainly focusses on the Clinical aspects, scientific, behavioral, educational, or ethical nature of Pediatrics. Clinical Pediatrics relies on the practical observation rather than on theoretical knowledge.

Perinatology (maternal-fetal medicine) is basically concerned with the specialized care of the mother and fetus in complicated and high-risk pregnancies. Perinatology mainly deals with the management and counseling of pregnancies complicated by fetal abnormalities, including growth disorders, inherited diseases, and structural malformations.

Pediatric Cardiology is a branch of Pediatrics which deals with the extensive training in diagnosing and treating children's cardiac problems. Evaluation and treatment of the pediatric heart may start with the fetus since heart problems can be detected before birth. 

Congenital Heart Defect is the most common type of birth defect, according to the Children’s Heart Foundation and the National Institutes of Health. Therefore, there is a pressing need for innovations in pediatric cardiology to address the global burden of disease.

The recent advance in pediatric cardiology is percutaneous pulmonary valve implantations, which helps to reduce the number of times children will have to face the risk and stress of open heart surgery. Another exciting innovation to improve outcomes in Pediatric Heart Surgery is the use of 3D organ printing technology.

Childhood tumors may behave uniquely in contrast to adult tumors, even when they begin in a similar part of the body, so these are not generally treated like adult cancers. Pediatric Oncology is a medical subspecialty concentrated on the care of children with Tumors. It's important to know that this expertise helps in effective treatments for many childhood cancers.

There are many types of cancer treatment. The types of treatment that a child with cancer receives will depend on the type of cancer and how advanced it is. Often, there is no known reason for childhood cancers. Common treatments include: surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplant. Learn about these and other therapies in our Types of Treatment section.

Leukemia is the most widely recognized malignancy in children and adolescents, representing very nearly 1 out of 3 cancers. The second most common tumors in children are Brain and Nervous system cancers, making up around 26% of childhood cancers.

The minor surgical procedures involved in the Pediatric Dermatology include skin biopsies, surgical removal of skin lesions such as cysts, warts, and laser treatment of vascular birthmarks

Pediatric dermatologists treat a wide variety of pediatric skin conditions utilizing the most recent accessible treatment strategies.

Gastrointestinal (GI) surgery is a broad term used to describe several surgical procedures that take place in the abdomen. Some common types of GI surgeries for children include appendectomy (appendix removal), hernia repair, or gastrostomy tube (g-tube) placement. GI surgery can be done as open surgery or as laparoscopic surgery.

Pediatric Urology centers around an extensive variety of urologic issues influencing children, including incontinence, deterrents in the urinary tract, vesicoureteral reflux, hypospadias, undescended testis, genital variations from the norm and tumors of the kidney, bladder, vagina, and testicles in children. Advances in technology and instrumentation have made more and more Laparoscopic and Endoscopic urological surgeries possible in children, eliminating many other problems associated with open surgery.

Pediatric Maxillofacial Surgery manages children and their facial imperfections. Presently relying upon deformities might be because of wounds and by birth, with the assistance of plastic surgeries, they will be corrected. Pediatric Maxillofacial Surgery is a field which overcomes the challenges in finding and treatment of oral, cranial, and maxillofacial abnormalities related with teeth, jaws, facial bones, temporomandibular joints and salivary glands in children.

Otorhinolaryngology is a field which focuses on the diseases and disorders of the Ear, Nose, Throat, Head, and Neck. This session also spotlights on the newer/latest trends and technologies in Head and Neck cancers and their surgeries.

Respiratory diseases are the major cause of mortality and morbidity in children. Pediatric Pulmonology mainly focuses on the diagnosis and treatments of lungs, breathing and chest disorders.

This session deals with the management and advancements in the Pediatric Pulmonary Surgeries, airway obstructions, and intensive care of the pediatric pulmonary patients.

Pediatric Neurology deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and management of children’s nervous system problems and head and spinal deformities including Head deformities, spine deformities, problems and injuries of the brain, spine or nerves, Gait abnormalities, birth injuries.

This session of the Pediatric Surgery 2019 will be focusing on the advancements in the pediatric neurosurgery such as neuroendoscopy, intraoperative MRI scan, intraoperative imaging, further advances in surgical technology and care of children with neurosurgical disorders.

Pediatric Orthopedics is a super specialty branch in Orthopedics which mainly tends to the latest diagnosis and treatment options for every ailment associated with the orthopedics including fractures, scoliosis, clubfoot, spine disorders, neuromuscular disorders, abnormalities in the hand and joints, and hip.

As the field evolves, it’s the responsibility of pediatric orthopedic specialists to stay current on the latest research and advances. So, this session is about the medical and surgical advances to treat children with severe orthopedic problems and to provide a quality of life far out of reach for past generations.

Though many Pediatric Endocrine Disorders can be treated without surgery, there are some endocrine disorders (such as Thyroid Nodules, Thyroid Cancer, Multinodular goiters, Multiple endocrine neoplasm syndromes, Adrenocortical tumors) which could require surgery. Pediatric Endocrinologists must be expertise in both minimally invasive and traditional surgical techniques

Numerous childhood eye conditions can be treated without medical procedure and regularly intercessions are as simple as wearing eyeglasses or an eye fix or utilizing eye drops. However, In the case of childhood glaucoma, cataract, retinoblastoma or another genuine pediatric eye disease is identified, and medical intervention or medical surgery is required.

When it comes to eye care, children need to be treated differently than adults. So, this session deals with the advanced care and innovations in the Pediatric Ophthalmology.

Surgical Emergencies in children range from absolutely urgent to semi-elective, depending on the underlying problem. From an anesthetic standpoint, management of the patient may range from care of a critically ill premature infant to that of an otherwise healthy teenager. Understanding the differences in anatomy, physiology, and pharmacology of the different age groups, along with the underlying pathology of the surgical emergency will be the focus of this lecture.

Pediatric Radiologists fill in as a feature of a demonstrative group alongside a pediatrician or pediatric specialist to give the most ideal care to a child. Pediatric radiologists are specialists in choosing the best imaging procedures to analyze therapeutic and surgical issues.

A new generation of pediatric radiologists, imaging technology and techniques is enabling more child-focused imaging that increases the ability to detect and monitor diseases in children.

Recent Advances in Pediatric Surgery have been made in several fields. Pioneering work during the formative years of the specialty has enabled many lethal congenital malformations to be corrected. The surgical treatment of childhood disease has also progressed enormously.

Coming to the newer advances of Minimal Access Surgery in pediatrics the applicability of some new advancements in pediatric surgery was slower to develop than its adult counterpart because of the lack of appropriately sized instruments. Despite these multiple hurdles in Minimal Invasive Surgery (MIS) of children the specialty progressed. Currently, the numbers of Minimally Invasive Surgery procedures being performed in the pediatric age group are growing rapidly. Paramount to its success is advancing in technology, availability of smaller sized instruments and better training.

Pediatric Transplantation is recognized as the treatment of choice for children with end-stage organ disease. There is an increasing need for pediatric organ donation. It is very hard on parents, who are the decision makers for the organ donation in the case of pediatrics. Although the procedure results in improved patient survival, there are common challenge topics that are important to discuss, need to be developed and provide the opportunity for future research.

This session demonstrates the exciting and challenging issues and provides an opportunity to explore the research perspectives in this area.

This session depends on the need to enhance the surgical care of the children and infants, not just through advances in physiology, pathology, and surgical method yet additionally by attention to the emotional and physical needs of the pediatric patient.

Pediatric Surgery Case Reports plays an important role in the transmission of the novelty of a rare disease or a surgery. Pediatric case reports have useful roles in Pediatric Research and evidence-

based medicine. Pediatric Case Reports helps in the recognition of new diseases and adverse effects of treatments.