Irina Deputat has completed her PhD at the age of 30 years from Pomor State University (Russia). She is Head of the Laboratory of Applied psychophysiology and associate professor in the Institute of Medical and Biological Research Northern (Arctic) Federal University. She has published more than 80 papers in journals.

Hemispheric asymmetry is one of the fundamental laws of the brain, however, age-related changes of relations between the hemispheres of the brain are not well understood.\r\nThe study was conducted using a 12-channel complex \"Neyroenergometr-KM\" (Russia), 97 women 55-74 years old. Recorded level the DC- potential of the brain and analyzed the potential difference between the symmetrical areas of the brain.\r\nThe DC- potential difference between the right and left frontal (Fd-Fs) and parietal (Pd-Ps) divisions showed the predominance of the left hemisphere. The DC-potential difference in the central (Cd-Cs) departments indicates the predominance of the right hemisphere, which may explain the variability of emotional tone in the elderly. In addition, the value of DC- potential in the left and right temporal leads (Td-Ts) were almost equal, indicating that the equality of women hemispheres in the study group and can be a sign of imbalance influences of regulatory systems and violations of adaptation functions of the brain. Smoothing interhemispheric differences probably reflect both involutional processes that reduce the specialization of the hemispheres, as well as changes in cerebral blood flow, which decrease with aging more significantly in the left hemisphere. Dispersion interhemispheric difference the DC- potential in temporal leads increases approximately twice elderly persons compared with the same index in adulthood.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a monomer in which its manufacture is primarily directed to the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic and the synthesis of epoxy resin being used in coatings for cans for beverages and foods, packaging for pharmaceuticals, dental adhesives and sealants, electronics, automotive equipment, plastic bottles and bottle. Important environmental pollutants are considered, because they act negatively in the hormonal system of animals and humans, belonging to the group of endocrine disrupters. The presence of these compounds with estrogenic activity in water is by contamination of water sources by effluent discharge raw or treated, since the conventional water treatment and sewage are not able to remove these organic pollutants efficiently. With this a treatment technique has proven attractive in recent years is the Advanced oxidation process (AOP), in which there is generation of free radical hydroxyl and highly oxidant, which reacts with most organic compounds generating CO2 and H2O. This study aims to assess, quantify and treat industrial effluent samples containing BPA. Quantification of BFA was made by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) whose validity was proven with a correlation coefficient R2 satisfactory equal to 0.9984, respecting standards required by the relevant authorities (ANVISA and INMETRO). For identification and quantification of BPA, the real effluent samples were submitted to the Liquid-Liquid Extraction process (LLE), and then concentrated for analysis by HPLC. This was a POA (Photo-Fenton like) in the sample with bench reactor with UV-C radiation with obtained degradation rate 97.13%, using UV-C light.

Migraine is a neurovascular disorder characterized by recurrent unilateral headaches accompanied by nausea, vomiting, photophobia and phonophobia. Migraine headache is associated with trigeminal nerve activation and calcitonin gene -related peptide (CGRP) release from the trigeminovascular system. Various factors have been identified as being migraine triggers, including foods, stress, hormones, sensory stimuli, and so on. Individuals with migraine are often aware of the things that serve as triggers for them, since part of migraine management is avoidance of triggers. One of factors on the onset of migraine is olfactory sensory. This is review article to examine the relationship between headaches and smell disturbance. And the psychological effects of odors are in this group. Most common causes of smell disturbance are nasal and sinus disease, upper respiratory infection and head trauma. Smell or taste dysfunction can have a significant impact on quality of life. In general, the olfactory system regenerates poorly after a head injury. Most patients who recover smell function subsequent to head trauma do so within 12 weeks of injury. Olfactory dysfunction in some people as loss of smell sense, and in some one the\r\npsychological impact of an increased sense of smell, which affect their quality of life.\r\n

She is physician, specialized in Legal Medicine and PhD in Bioethics. She has a master in Applied Bioethics. She is a member of Federico II University Ethics Committee at Naples, from 2010 untill now.

Bio-banks or bio-libraries are public or private institutions engaged in long-term preservation of human biological material and donors’ personal data.
\r\nBy biological material samples it is meant cells, tissues, blood, DNA, as pool of genetic information. By personal data it is meant the genetic features, health and life style of donors. \r\nBio-banks are certainly an advantage for the progress of science and public health as they give large-scale access to demographics and the genetic pool of world’s populations. Nevertheless there are concerns among citizens and specialists that personal information and biological material can be used for purposes other than those initially expected by donors. In our opinion any biological material must be protected from any abuse. The rules concerning the collection, preservation, treatment and processing of biological samples and personal information should be harmonised at world leve, reconciling the right to individual privacy and the possibility to develop further scientific research. On this matter the Ethics Committee of Università di Napoli Federico II, write the guidelines on using biobank in each aspects (legislative, procedural and ethical).
\r\nIt applies a procedure worked out some years ago to inform and acquire consent to the use and preservation of biological material for scientific research purposes, consistent with the indications for treatment of genetic data issued the Italian Authority on Privacy. This form for informed consent is divided in multiple sections, each one presenting a range of options for patients so as to give them, on a step-by-step basis, the possibility to express their specific consent to every single activity of research and, in case, to deny consent to any of them . Though cumbersome it may look, this process lets donors receive thorough information before deciding about the fate of the biological material that still belongs to them. \r\n

Zogopoulos Panagiotis is a Resident of Neurosurgery at the General Hospital of Nikaia-Piraeus “Agios Panteleimon”, Athens, Greece. His ongoing research is in the field\r\nof drugs and their interaction with human brain and cerebral vessels. Several of his papers have been published in reputed peer-review journals and he has presented\r\nvarious researches in international conferences.

Drug abuse represents a significant health issue with tremendous socio-economic consequences. Numerous narcotic substances\r\nexist but most commonly abused ones are heroin, cocaine, cannabis and amphetamine. A broad spectrum of changes affecting\r\nthe central nervous system is observed in drug addicts and it is believed that histopathological changes of the cerebral vessels can lead\r\nto neuronal function deterioration, cognitive decline and psychosocial changes that are seen in drug addicts. We have conducted a\r\npost-mortem (autopsy) study on cerebral vessels of drug abusers comparing them with healthy controls. Histopathological changes\r\nobserved on drug abusers’ cerebral vessels include vascular lumen thrombosis, atherosclerosis, platelet aggregation, transmural\r\nand perivascular infiltration of small cerebral vessels by inflammatory cells, granulomas, dilatation of perivascular spaces with\r\nprotein exudate and fibrinoid necrosis of the medium and intima. These changes are the consequences of vessel wall ischaemia and\r\ncerebrovascular diseases (infection, vasculitis), usually observed on drug abusers and can lead to vascular thrombosis or rupture.\r\nThis study was conducted with the support of IKY Fellowships of Excellence for postgraduate studies in Greece-Siemens Program.

\r\nPaula rodríguez-torrico is a PhD candidate at the University of Burgos, Spain. Her dissertation research focuses on online and mobile consumer behaviour. She holds a bachelors of sciences degree in Marketing and a masters degree in Research in Business Administration. Her masters thesis focused on consumer segmentation in two digital contexts: e-commerce and m-commerce. She received an award to the Best Paper in Maketing from the ESIC(spell out) Business & Marketing School at the AEDEM Annual Meeting held in San Sebastian on June 2015.

Purchasing clothes via mobile devices is a reality. Promising products can be sold through this channel. Since mobile commerce, in general, is a fact, one wonders about the factors that more specifically influence an individual’s decision to repeat clothing purchasing. In particular, the aim of this paper is to analyze the cognitive (reputation, guarantee and security & privacy policies) and experiential aspects or signals (aesthetics, interactivity, enjoyment and personalization) that increase customer satisfaction and trust in the mobile buying process, as well as customer intention to repeat buying using this same channel. The final useful sample amounted to 123 mobile clothing consumers. The results indicate that the cognitive signals show greater influence than the experiential in relational variables. On the one hand, reputation, guarantee and security & privacy policies directly increase the trust in the company, and indirectly the intention to repurchase clothing by mobile devices. On the other hand, satisfaction is enhanced by the attractiveness of the mobile website. Finally, both satisfaction and trust are key factors in the customer’s intention to repeat buying clothes via mobile devices. This work goes one step further; first, it discusses variables that, to date, have not been analyzed in relation to each other in the literature of mobile clothing commerce. Second, from a business perspective this article provides indispensable knowledge for going beyond the mere transaction to acting on improving long-term consumer-seller relationships.

Aarti Bavare has completed her Pediatric Residency at the Children’s Hospital Boston and Boston University combined pediatric residency program. She has received\r\nfellowship training in Pediatric Critical Care and Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care at Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine. She is currently an Assistant\r\nProfessor of Pediatrics at Baylor College of Medicine and is the Medical Director of the house-wide Pediatric Rapid Response System at Texas Children’s Hospital. Her\r\nresearch interests include critical communication, resource utilization to serve critical needs of children and simulation medicine.

The Rapid Response (RR) system is a multidisciplinary modality to detect, trigger and provide response to clinical decompensation\r\nof patients outside the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). There is growing evidence to support that early detection of physiologic\r\ndeterioration and prompt response can decrease adverse outcomes i.e. cardiopulmonary arrest or mortality. Pediatric cardiac patients\r\nare highly vulnerable to decompensation needing emergent intervention and treatment. We sought to explore the frequency and\r\npattern of utilization of RR by these patients and their outcomes. We conducted a retrospective review study at a large tertiary care\r\nreferral pediatric heart center. We reviewed 1906 RR events that occurred in our center over a period of three years. Out of these\r\n152 occurred in cardiac patients. We reviewed the charts of the patients involved in these events with respect to the demographic\r\ncharacteristics, reason for RR event, interventions needed and outcomes thereafter. The results provide useful insight into causes\r\nof acute clinical deterioration in pediatric cardiac patient population. The important observations made during this research

Annamaria Szalay was graduated as pharmacist at the University of Szeged, Hungary. She also obtained postgraduate diplomas in health care management, law and pharmacoeconomics.She is a lecturer of the American Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology in these fields. Beside, she continues her PhD studies dealing with pharmaceutical technology, in the department of pharmaceutical technology, University of Szeged; and her tutor and consultant is professor Klara Pintye-Hodi; an internationally well-known technologist.

Particle size and shape play important roles in the powder industries, including the pharmaceutical industry. It is widely accepted that the flow properties of most powderbased products are closely related to the size distribution of the fine particles. Cohesion forces act between the particles, and friction forces between the particles and the walls of a funnel, which influence the flow properties.\r\nThe multiparticulate dosage forms that are currently at the focus of therapy include hard capsules filled with minitablets.\r\nGood flowability is especially important during the manufacturing of minitablets where the diameter of dies is very small and the filling time is also very short.\r\nIn this work, different forms of commercial sorbitol were chosen as model material.\r\nAccurate measurements or good estimations of particle size are important, although the use of different particle size principles can lead to different results.\r\nIn our work, a new coefficient (C = cohesion coefficient) – which is characteristic of the flow properties, shape and size of the powder particles - was calculated, a relationship was found between this coefficient and the angle of repose.\r\nIt should be noted, that the guidelines of the European Medicine Agency (EMA) suggest the application of a factorial design or an artificial neural network in the development of a dosage form and the new coefficient could be applied to decrease the number of necessary training factors as it combines some of the more important characteristics of the studied materials\r\n

Natalia Kurantowicz is absolvent of Microbiology and Business Management at Warsaw University of Life Science. She is interested in nanotechnology, microbiology and new conception of crisis management in social media. She is a PhD student at Warsaw University of Life Science and investigating nanoparticles impact on living organisms like bacteria, rats etc.

High thermal stability, high mechanical strength, relatively good bio-compatibility for humans resulted from carbon composite graphene-like structures capable of being an antibacterial agent. The study compared the toxicity of different forms of graphene family materials (GFM); pristine graphene (pG), graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) towards bacteria strains. The effect of three different GFMs on chosen food-borne bacteria strains: Gram-positive (G+) – Listeria monocytogenes, and Gram-negative (G-) – Salmonella enterica were examined. Results are a decreased number of bacterial colonies were observed in probes 250 μg/mL for all examined GFMs. Moreover, as low concentration of GO as 25 μg/mL caused a drop in the level of bacterial colonies as well and reduced growth by almost 100%. The shape and size of GFMs and their interactions towards bacteria strains were inspected by transmission electron microscope. Bacteria were aggregated and attached to GFMs. A strong affinity occurred between bacteria and edges of pG and rGO, while bacteria strains attached to GO nanoparticle surfaces. The present results indicate that GFM antibacterial activity causes mechanical damage of bacterial cell membranes by a direct contact of the bacteria with the extremely sharp edges of GFM with sp3-hybridized bonds. Based on the present results, we propose a three-step antimicrobial mechanism of GFM. It includes initial cell deposition on GFM (step 1), membrane stress and disruption caused by direct contact with sharp edges and bonds (step 2), and finally stimulated oxidation stress (step 3). The key difference between the chosen graphene materials is the bacterial cell deposition place. \r\n\r\n

Insil Jang worked as a staff RN and Clinical nurse specialist of Cardiovascular Surgery for 13 years in Asan Medical Center. She has received a PhD and became an Assistant Professor at Department of Nursing in University of Ulsan. She did specialty in Adult Health Nursing. Her research interests are cardiovascular patient care, clinical nurse specialists and nursing management. She has already published several papers and currently ongoing studies.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify moderating and mediating effects of social support in the relationship between work-family conflict, job satisfaction and turnover intention among married female nurses in Korea. \r\n\r\nMethods: The sample for this study consisted of 225 married female nurses from two hospitals located in Seoul. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and hierarchical multiple regression with the SPSS 21.0 program. \r\n\r\nResults: (a) Social support of married female nurses had significant moderating and mediating effects between work-family conflict and job satisfaction. (b) Social support of married female nurses had significant moderating and mediating effects between work-family conflict and turnover intention. \r\n\r\nConclusion: The results of the study indicate that social support is an important factor in work-family conflict, job satisfaction and turnover intention among married female nurses. Supervisor support is important to married nurses as social support as it is controlled by the organization. Therefore, supportive relationships based on mutual respect between supervisors and nurses are necessary for a creative organizational atmosphere and system.\r\n

Hyungwoo Kim is currently working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine of Pusan National University, South Korea. His research interest includes contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis and treatment with herbal medicines.

The mature fruit of Kochia scoparia (L) Schrad is widely administered in China and Korea as a medicinal herb for treatment of skin diseases, diabetes mellitus and rheumatoid arthritis. The present study investigated the effects of methanol extracts of K. scoparia dried fruit (MEKS) on ear swelling, histopathological changes (such as epidermal acanthosis, spongiosis and immune cell infiltration) and cytokine production in 1 fluoro 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) induced contact dermatitis mice. Topical application of MEKS inhibited DNFB induced ear thickness and weight increases as well as DNFB induced epidermal acanthosis, spongiosis and immune cell infiltration. In addition, treatment with MEKS significantly decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor α, interferon γ and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 in inflamed tissues. These data indicate that the mature fruit of K. scoparia has the potential to be administered for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases and that the anti inflammatory action of K. scoparia is involved in the inhibition of type 1 T helper cell skewing reactions.\r\n\r\n

Alireza Jahanbani has completed DVM at the age of 26 years old from Islamic Azad University Garmsar branch. He is member of Iranian young researcher club since 2008 and member of Iran Biochemistry association since 2010. He has published 6 papers and authored 6 books.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of electrolysis technique on blood coagulation process (BCP), hematological and biochemical parameters involved in BCP. A healthy ram was used as the experimental model. The ram were kept in order to spending adaptation period respecting to animal rights. Initial tests confirmed the health of BCP. Then blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein every 14 days. Each time, 10 ml were poured in a container made up of polypropylene polymers immediately. Using of an electrical power-supply and two pieces of platinum as the non-reactive electrodes, a range of 500 to 800 mV electric charges were induced. At the same time 10 ml of blood was poured in another container as control sample. The remaining blood was divided into three tubes; EDTA, Citrate and tube without anticoagulant for hematological tests. During the electrolysis, BCP were examined using capillary tube every 30 seconds in both containers. After 12 minutes and 40 seconds, control blood clotted while the blood of electrolysis container (EC) didn\'t clot 30 minutes after that. Partial Thromboplastin Time and Prothrombin Time increased significantly. Prothrombin activity, calcium, fibrinogen and total protein decreased. Other factors also confirmed the delay in BCP. Although BCP was delayed but macroscopic features of the blood was downgraded. In order to reaching more details, complementary experiments are needed.

Carmina Niña R Salac, MD, has completed her degree in Doctor of Medicine in the University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines in 2011. She completed her residency in Pediatrics in University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila in 2015. She is currently a Pediatric Junior Consultant in various hospitals in the country.

Overweight and obesity are emerging major problems among children today worldwide. Research on parent feeding styles and practices has begun to provide some clues about the role parents play in the etiology of childhood obesity. Only recently attention has been directed towards the parental feeding styles. Experts have suggested that gestation to early infancy is a critical period in which physiologic changes occur that greatly influence a child\'s later risk for obesity. The objective of the study is to examine validity and reliability of an instrument translated to Filipino language for characterizing parental feeding practices. Subjects were the parents with toddlers from the University of Santo Tomas Hospital. A Focus Group Discussion was done. The Toddler Feeding Questionnaire was translated to Filipino language. A final questionnaire underwent pretesting and Cronbach’s alpha test. Data analysis was done using Strata SE version 13. Quantitative variables were summarized while qualitative variables were tabulated. Test-retest and Cronbach’s alpha tests were done. A total of eighteen (18) parents participated in the study. About 89% of the toddlers had normal weight according to the WHO growth standards (weight for length). All but two (2) items (Q18 and Q33) in the final questionnaire reached significant differences (p <0.05). The overall internal reliability of the questionnaire was acceptable (alpha = 0.82). This instrument was found to be valid with acceptable reliability and internal consistency.

Hernandez-Valencia is postgraduate PhD student in Biotecnology in the group of Biopolymers and Bioprocess of Agro-Industrial and Food By-Products at Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Campus Iztapalapa, under the supervision of full time Professor Dr. Keiko Shirai.

Stenocereus pruinosus (pitaya) is an endemic cactus of Mexico. Pitaya is sweet and tasty, contains phenols and betalains with high antioxidant activities. Nevertheless, the consumption is limited for its highly perishability. Therefore, the use of coatings based on naturally occurring bioactive compounds is an alternative to extend its postharvest life. In this study the chitosan (Q) and neem oil (N) were used taking advantage of their physicochemical and antimicrobial properties. Q was obtained by biological and chemical methods from shrimp wastes, with degree of acetylation of 9.91% and molecular weight of 285kDa. Q was crosslinked to hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (Q-g-H) and the blend of Q with mesquite gum (MG) were used as polymer matrices for the microencapsulation of N (NQ-g-H and NQMG). NQ-g-H produced unstable emulsion with Z-potential close to zero, on the contrary of NQMG. NQ-g-H and NQMG were applied on fruits as coatings. During 15d of storage, the largest physiological weight loss (PFP) was determined in control fruits (6.7%) and the lowest with NQ-g-H (4.63%). The fungal contamination and firmness of flesh were significantly different for treated fruits with NQ-g-H (4.5CFU/g and 0.61N) than control (5.41CFU/g and 0.36N). The color of epicarps were retained with NQ-g-H and NQMG coatings, whereas the control became dark. The release of azadirachtin of N was determined by Ultraperformance Convergence Chromatography in the coatings of epicarps of fruits. NQ-g-H released azadirachtin at storage conditions of 10±2°C and relative humidity of 75±5%. \r\nAcknowledgements. The authors thank FINNOVA/CONACYT No. 224962 for funding and scholarship (CHV).\r\n

Graphene Oxide and GO Nanocomposites have great potential and a range of applications for wastewater treatment and purification for different impurities and effluent compositions. In the present work, Graphene Oxide nanosheets were synthesized using modified Hummers method. The synthesized material was then characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD),Raman spectrophotometer and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM).Further,\r\nthe photocatalytic activity of GO was investigated for the degradation of organic dye Methyle blue (MeB) as a function of time under visible light. The optimal GO loading for the degradation of methyl Blue and the stability of the photocatalysts is being investigated. The effect of concentration of pollutant, temperature and pH of solution was also optimized. It was observed that the GO nanosheets show excellent adsorption ability at high pH under room temperature. Formulation of a mechanism responsible for the enhancement of the photocatalytic activity is also underway. The results indicate that GO nanosheets as an excellent candidate for the treatment of contaminated\r\nwater and effluent under visible light.

Anjleena is pursuing PhD at Panjab University, Chandigarh. She has completed her MPharmacy with first rank in University and awarded gold medal for that. She has been awarded with Inspire fellowship from Department of Science and Technology, Delhi for her PhD course. Her area of research interest includes development of quinazoline based new chemical entities having medicinal significance

\r\nInflammation is the response of immune system towards injury and infection. It is divided into two main categories acute and chronic. Acute inflammation (occurs rapidly, within few hours after injury and infection) such as acute bronchitis, infected ingrown toenail, sore throat and chronic inflammation (occurs from unresolved or recurrent acute inflammation) include asthma, chronic peptic ulcer, tuberculosis, rheumatoid arthritis. In the market, large number of anti-inflammatory drugs is available but unfortunately they all are associated with one or other side effects. Therefore, efforts are made towards the development of new molecules having potential anti-inflammatory activity with fewer side effects. In general, quinazoline derivatives are known to possess wide range of biological activities such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tubercular, antifungal, antihypertensive and anticancer. The anti-inflammatory profile depends upon the type and location of a specific substituent on quinazoline nucleus. Therefore, we decided to synthesize new series of quinazoline derivatives substituted at 4-position with different aryl/alkyl amino groups and explored their potential as anti-inflammatory agents. Various 4-aminoquinazoline derivatives were synthesized by treatment of 4-chloroquinazoline with different aryl/alkyl amino substituent under reflux or at room temperature. Compounds were evaluated at dose 20mg/kg for their anti-inflammatory activity by using Carrageenan induced rat paw edema model and compared with indomethacin used as standard. At the tested dose (20 mg/kg), none of the synthesized derivative showed any sign of gastric complications.\r\n

Yan Komissarchik is a Professor at Institute of Cytology, RAS St.Petersburg, Russia

Cell culture U-937 is a convenient model for studying the “extinction” of cellular functions in experiment because these cells\r\ncan be easily transformed in apoptotic state with different agents. Simultaneous study of functional and morphological\r\nchanges in cultured cells treated with hypertonic shock and etoposide are revealing disturbances in ion homeostasis in the\r\ncells and structural rearrangements in intracellular organelles, such as mitochondria (M), endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi\r\napparatus (GA), cytoskeletal elements, and the ubiquitin-proteasome complex. The results obtained on ultra-structural\r\nchanges in U-937 cells in the apoptotic state are largely consistent with analogous data available in the literature. One of the\r\nimportant characteristics of apoptotic cells on different stages of apoptosis is the presence of aggregates of thin osmiophilic\r\nparticles in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The aggregates are not limited by membranes and have varying density and\r\nsize. Small rod-shaped particles approximately 12X30 nm in size are dominated in the aggregates. Immunocytochemical\r\nanalysis of these cells with polyclonal Abs against α7 subunit of proteasomal protein and colloidal gold (10nm) has shown\r\nthat these particles are proteasomes. Aggregates of osmiophilic particles have been described in literature in cells situated\r\nunder extreme conditions: overheating, hypertension, hypoxia, reactive oxygen species, viruses, apoptosis state. Besides\r\na spontaneous apoptosis associated with the differentiation of mammalian cells and tissues takes place in nature. For\r\nexample, such processes are described during spermiogenesis and hibernation of animals. It is generally accepted that\r\nthe segregates are formed under conditions of suppressed transcription in the nucleus and involved in the storage and\r\ndegradation of various mRNA, RNPs and misfolded and overexpressed proteins that should be eliminated by proteolysis\r\nusing the ubiquitin-proteasome system. In our work we have visualized with electron microscopy one component of this\r\nsystem–proteasomes. Their presence is an indirect confirmation of the involvement of protein ubiquitin in these processes,\r\nbecause these two components operate in tandem. The results of X-RMA of elemental composition of cells obtained in this\r\nstudy are consistent with the results of other studies. Despite the considerable number of studies devoted to the analysis\r\nof changes in the intracellular ions during apoptosis, we have revealed changes in the intracellular contents of Na+ and K+\r\nat the level of single cells during apoptosis induced by osmotic shock. An increased ratio of intracellular Na+/K+ compared\r\nto the control for the majority of cells in apoptosis is obtained.

Fatemeh Khoshnavay Fomani is RN, Ph.D. candidate from Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, with the specialties including Pediatric Nursing, and Philosophy for children from the Kharazmi University. The subject of her doctoral dissertation is philosophizing and resilience among adolescents laborer. She is interested in “philosophy for children”, “child maltreatment” and “resilience” research. Presently she is working at the Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

Assertive nurses are capable to build effective team relationships, to manage workplace stress, gaining self-confidence, and to earn respect from others while respecting them. Thinking skills training is the fundamental component of promoting assertiveness programs. This approach leads us to investigate the effectiveness of philosophizing as the manifest of thinking skills, on promoting assertiveness skill. The aim of this presentation is to explore the effects of philosophizing through the philosophy for children (P4C) program on promoting nurses assertiveness skill. Although P4C has been introduced to promote children´s thinking skills, but according to our experiences, it is useful for the adult population by some modification of the content. In this study 50 nurses randomly allocated to “P4C training” and “control” groups. 12 sessions of P4C training were conducted for 25 members of the intervention group in three months. Using Rathus Assertiveness Scale, nurses´ assertiveness skill was evaluated in two groups, before and after implementing P4C program. T test and descriptive statistics using SPSS18 program applied to data analysis. The results indicated that the assertiveness was significantly improved in the intervention group. P4C program increases the inter-relationship skills and enhances cognitive, reasoning, emotional and social development of individuals. The participants of P4C program learn dialectic conversation and respecting different ideas and values. Development of ethical understanding in the context of philosophizing is the other advantage of P4C. Considering the P4C attributes, increasing assertiveness skill in the intervention group is justifiable. Although applying P4C was effected to increase assert

David Pérez-Jorge, PhD in Education is a Professor at the Faculty of Education at Universidad de La Laguna. He is a specialist in Cognitive Neuroscience and Behavioural Biology. He is presently working as a professor at the Department of Educational Research at Universidad de La Laguna and also a professor at the Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED). He is currently investigating in the field of evaluation and diagnosis of special educational needs as regards Health and professional guidance and vocation.

Despite all the achievements obtained in the field of Health Education (HE), there are many elements and situations which prevent us from offering an adequate response as regards health care and prevention at school level. The treatment of Health Education and its approach are conditioned, among other factors, to the teachers’ lack of training and the lack of attribution of competences as regards school health. Researches such as those conducted by Salvador (2008) and Aramendi, Buján and Arburna (2014) reveal the lack of professional qualification of teachers who show the lack of knowledge and training when they have to face emergency situations in schools which result from risk behaviours or accidents. The main objective of this study is both to know the way in which teachers respond to school emergency situations and evaluate their level and training as regards Health Education. The sample selected is made up of 503 teachers of compulsory secondary education. The instrument which is proposed to evaluate teachers’ attitudes and knowledge in the field of health education is the “Questionnaire about attitudes and knowledge as regards health in the school context” (CACOSA), performed by Pérez-Jorge and De la Rosa Hormiga (2014) taking as a basis the Healthy Child Programme conducted by the Canary Islands Health Service (2007). The results showed the teachers’ concern about Health Promotion (82%). Although they had experience working in pathologies such as allergies, asthma, diabetes, etc. (73%), they showed a lack of training (81,5%) and qualification to respond adequately to emergencies (92%) and to improve their students’ training in Health Education (79%).

I am a Ph.D student in the department of biochemistry, state university of campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, Under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Carlos Francisco Sampaio Bonafe. I still don’t have any publication but the subject i am working on has related publication in well known journals. I am a Pakistani and i completed my Masters in Microbiology in year 2012, from Universtiy of Karachi, Pakistan. I am 29 years old, married and i am living here in Brazil with my Family as permanent residente & doing my Ph.D. I also have working experience as research associate in Agha khan university with the Project of boné health in children with Thalassemia major under the supervision with Dr. Bushra Moiz and have skills in several molecular technique of microbilogy and serology.

Background:\r\nIn the hospital environment, Klebsiella pneumoniae & Pseudomonas aeruginosa are highly resistant bacterial species, often causing infections in immunocompromised patients, as well as post-surgical infections, measured due to the inadequate sterilization of some medical surgical materials and biopharmaceutical solutions. There is a great concern for efficiently sterilize these materials, so the use of an alternative technique as high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) to inactivate microorganisms could be very operational, especially for the sterilization of temperature sensitive materials. Although the mechanisms of inactivation of microorganisms involved are not yet well established, hence with the indication of significant damage in the cell wall, ribosomes, cellular content and plasma membrane. \r\n\r\n\r\nMethods: \r\nThe experimental approach includes two different strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP ATCC BAA 1705 & ATCC 4352) & Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA NM 31 & ATCC 27853). Treatments majorly comprises of with the use of high hydrostatic pressure with or without combination with glutaraldehyde in lower concentrations and at moderate temperature 45°C, in vitro biofilm formation and in activation using biofilm assays in 96- well plates and effect of N- acetylcysteine (NAC) on biofilm disruption, analysis of biofilm and bacterial cells before and after treatment by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). \r\nResults: \r\nIn this study, we aim to use high hydrostatic pressure treatment separate and in combination with disinfectant (Glutaraldehyde) in low concentration and moderate temperature to check the synergistic effect for the sterilization of materials from diferente pathogenic bacteria. After treatment, we observed that even though for some bacterial strains high pressure did not able to give significant inactivation individually but in combination with lower concentrations of glutaraldehyde at 45°C temperature, we acheived total inactivation of all bacterial strains. \r\nConclusion:\r\nThus, these results shows that this technique will be of great interest for the molecular biology and genetic based analysis of bacterial classification and off course the quality control including safe sterilization of the medical and biopharmaceutical materials.\r\n

Preeti Bajpai has completed her PhD at the age of 30 years from Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India. She is working as an Associate Professor, Deparment of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow. Integral University is a premier educational and research institution recognized from various Goverment Bodies. Dr. Preeti has published more than 42 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of repute. She has been bestowed with both academic and research awards at National & International Level. \r\n\r\n

The potential involvement of Toll-like receptors in combating parasitic infections of Leishmania, an intracellular protozoan parasite causes a broad range of clinical manifestations from cutaneous lesions to fatal visceral disease has gained significant attention during the last decades. Although it is well established that Toll-like receptors 9 (TLR9) recognizes microbial CpG DNA, but the specificity of the CpG DNA pattern of Leishmania parasite interacting with endosomal TLR9 is still unexplored. Thus to identify the specific CpG DNA pattern act as TLR9 ligand in Leishmania donovani (L. donovani), the homology search was performed using known CpG ODN 2216 (synthetic) as initial template until a consistent CpG pattern in L. donovani was achieved. Further, we propose a reliable 3D complex model of TLR9 ectodomains (ECDs) with CpG DNA patterns utilizing homology modeling and docking approaches. The molecular docking studies revealed that identified L. donovani CpG pattern encompasses robust docked energy than other patterns considered for this study. The complex interaction patterns demonstrated that the interface between TLR9 and CpG DNA molecules were geometrically complementary. The computed molecular interactions indicated that the identified L. donovani CpG DNA pattern shows comparable binding with known CpG ODN 2216 by LRR11 region of TLR9 acting as the critical region for ligand recognition. This complex model may lead to a better understanding of the function of TLR9 and its interaction with CpG DNA and will improve our understanding of TLR9-ligand interaction in immune regulation.

Sarah farid is a PhD student and assistant lecturer in clinical pharmacy department, Faculty of Pharmacy Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. She published two papers in the field of autism.\r\nNagwa ali is a professor and head of clinical pharmacy department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. \r\nMohamed El sawi is a professor in pediatrics and genetics unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. \r\nOsama K.Zaki is a Medical consultant in genetics unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University Hospital, Cairo,Egypt. \r\nManal Hamed El Hamamsy is a professor in clinical pharmacy department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. \r\n

Autistic spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder with an unknown and somewhat controversial etiology. Vitamin D deficiency has been proposed as an important key player in the development and progression of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) yet no prior double blinded trials have been conducted. It remains under debate whether children with autism should be supplemented with high doses of vitamin D to improve their symptoms .ASD patients were randomized in a double blinded placebo controlled trial to receive either 1000 international units of vitamin D per day for 3 month, followed by 1000 international units per 25 pounds per day (average dosing was 2800 IU/day) for another 3 months (n=22) or placebo (n=20). The primary outcome measures were changes in Childhood autism rating scale (CARS) and Autism treatment evaluation checklist (ATEC) scores. Secondary outcome measures were the changes in serum vitamin D levels as well as treatment emergent side effects. After 6 months of therapy, there were statistically significant improvements in CARS (4 points) and ATEC overall scores (16 points) in vitamin D group compared to placebo (p<0.001) with 31.8% of patients shift from severe range to mild–moderate range and 63.3% of patients reached the cut-off point of 30. There were no correlations between serum vitamin D levels and either CARS or ATEC scores were found. Finally, Vitamin D supplementation was tolerable and significantly improved clinical measurements of ASD severity. This study was registered in clinical trials.Gov (NCT02550912). \r\nKeywords: autism, autism spectrum disorders, vitamin D, CARS, ATEC.\r\n

\r\nAna-Alexandra Sorescu has completed her Msc studies at the age of 27 years from Politehnica University in Bucharest and is currently a PhD student at Valahia University in Targoviste. She is also working, for almost 10 years, at The National Rsesearch&Development Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry as a 3rd degree scientific researcher. She has published 5 papers in ISI journals, more than 10 non-ISI papers and participated with more than 50 scientific papers at national or international scientific conferences\r\n

Ramson (Allium ursinum) is a medicinal plant found specially on mountain landscapes or on plains with fertile soil with a taste similar to garlic. Spring is the best season to collect this plant and for culinary and therapeutic purposes only the leaves are used. Ramson containes vitamin A, C, carotenoids, volatile oils and minerals (e.g.: Ca, Fe, P, Cu, Na) and the most important therapeutic applications concern blood purification, detoxifies the organism, acts as antiseptic, antiviral, antimicrobial and immunomodelatory, helps lower the cholesterol and acts as a bronchodilator. Ramson is mostly used as infusion or decoction with good results in biliary insufficiency, insomnia, dizziness, depression, gout or heart diseases. This study presents different qualitative preliminary analyses of Ramson (Allium ursinum) aqueous extract. The aqueous extract is obtained at room temperature from dried Ramson leaves and stored for more than two weeks in the refrigerator at 40C. In order to determine whether phytochemicals (E.g.: carbohydrates, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, anthraquinone and anthocyanosides) are present in Ramson’s composition, phytochemical screening was carried out using standard phytochemical methods. For example, the presence of saponins in the aqueous extract was determined by adding 2 mL of extract to 2 mL of distilled water in a graduated cylinder and shaking it for 15 minutes with the formation of a 2 cm foam layer. In order to determine the presence of flavonoids, 1 mL 2N NaOH was added to 2 mL extract and a yellow color appeared, thus confirming the presence of flavonoids in Ramson extract.

Fatemeh Ghaed Amini Asadabadi has completed her GP from Shahrekord University and now is Resident of Gyn. and Obs. in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science in Tehran/Iran. She has published more than 20 articles in nephrology field.

Background: Investigations have attempted to modify the outcome of tubular injury by either ameliorating renal tubular damage or promoting tubular regeneration in the case of acute tubular necrosis.\r\n\r\nObjectives: We investigated the protective effect of Eprex an erythropoietin analogue on tubular injury induced by gentamicin (GM). \r\n\r\nMaterials & Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. In group 1, rats were served as a sham group. In group 2, rats were injected intraperitoneally with 100 mg/kg of GM for 10 consecutive days (positive control group) and then were sacrificed. In group 3, rats received GM for 10 days then Eprex 100 U/kg was injected intraperitoneally for the next 10 days and then they were sacrificed at the day 20th. In group 4, rats were injected a combination of GM (80 mg/kg) and Eprex 100 U/kg intraperitoneally for 10 days and then were sacrificed. \r\n\r\nResults: The results indicated that, Eprex prevented the increase in serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The effect of Eprex on damage score, showed that co-administration of GM and Eprex (group 3 and 4) reduced the kidney tissue damage compared to positive control group (P<0.05). This result indicates that Eprex potentially can reduce or prevent the kidney tissue damage. \r\n\r\nConclusions: Ameliorative effect of Eprex when the drug was given in combination with GM and also when the drug was applied after GM–induced tubular damage, revealed the renoprotective potency of Eprex. Eprex is a promising drug to prevent or attenuate tubular damage induced by GM or other nephrotoxic agents which act through the same mechanisms as gentamicin.\r\n

Samer M Al-Hulu is an Assistant Professor of Microbiology. He has completed his PhD from College of Science, Babylon University. He has published more than 14 papers in microbiology field. He has trained at Ministry of Health at Laboratory of Babylon Maternity and Children Hospital. Presently, he is working at College of Food Science, Al-Qasim Green University.

Superbugs is the term which used for describing of multidrug-resistant organisms that evolved and developed resistance to at least one type of antimicrobial drug or antibiotic. MRSA, VRE, ESBLs are some examples on superbugs. The combating of superbugs can be achieved by proper hand washing and using of good hand hygiene. DNA Sequencing of superbugs playing an important role in combating of spread such as DNA sequencing from patient and compared with database for determining source of infection. Using of Nano-based therapy for combating of superbug such as using of nano metals and metallic oxides which having high activity against board spectrum antibiotic resistant bacteria such as AgNPs which having high activity against MRSA and silver resistant E. coli, also using of Nano-enabled antibiotics such as using drug delivery system and using of other methods such as cellulose nano crystals-porphyrin, CNTs and others. Other solution for combating of superbugs is prevent of antibiotic misuse and overuse which due to developing of resistant for antibiotics via one or more mechanisms of DNA alteration. Essential oil having a new weapon for combating of superbugs, oil is derived from variety of natural sources including plants or component of plants such as flowers, leaves and others, these oil having complex mixtures of chemicals which having antimicrobial activity. Phage therapy is plays an important role for fighting of drug-resistant pathogens.

Jamshaid Iqbal is a consultant at Mubarak Al-Kabir Teaching Hospital, Kuwait and he is the director at center for medical education and faculty of medicine at Kuwait University, Kuwait.

Background: Prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) represents the most common urologic disease among the elderly males resulting in more than 2 million visits per year. BPH affects about one-quarter of men in their 50s. The pathogenesis of BPH is not yet completely understood however, the role of chronic inflammation is emerging as an important factor in BPH development and progression. Recently, the studies have found that T. vaginalis may be associated with asymptomatic infections in 50-75% of infected men. In this study we investigated the possibility of asymptomatic persistence of T. vaginalis in the prostate gland using benign hyperplastic prostate tissue as prostate condition other than clinical prostatitis.\\r\\n\\r\\nMaterials & Methods: We investigated the occurrence of T. vaginalis in prostate tissue of 75 men of >50 years of age suspected and treated for BPH by transurethral resection of the prostate at the Mubarak Al-Kabir Teaching Hospital, Kuwait. The presence of T. vaginalis infection in the prostate tissue was determined by PCR analysis of the DNA extracted from the tissue and Immunocytochemistry of the tissue sections of the prostate tissue. In addition, P16 antigen was also detected in the tissue sections. The antibodies to T. vaginalis were also determined in blood.\\r\\n\\r\\nResults: We detected T. vaginalis DNA in 18 of 75 (24%) and P16 antigen in 16/75 (21%) of BPH tissue samples, of which only 7 (39%) BPH tissues were positive by immunocytochemistry. In addition, three T. vaginalis DNA-negative prostate tissues were also positive immunochemistry. T. vaginalis-specific antibodies with predominantly IgG4 antibodies were detected in 23 (31%) cases.\\r\\n\\r\\nConclusion: Our preliminary study suggests a direct evidence of T. vaginalis in BPH tissues with no clinical signs of prostatitis. We hypothesize that chronic T. vaginalis infection of prostate tissue may lead to BPH in elderly people.

Dr. Lulwa Refaat Al Mazrou has been graduated from King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from Collage of Medicine as a Medical Doctor at the year 2015. She has conducted two researches during her collage years, which were done in two governmental hospitals in Riyadh.\r\n She has a Certificate of International Computer Driving License ICDL and Certificate of IELTS from British counsel with 6.5 score. She Completed the BLS and ACLScourse that was held at King Khaled University Hospital (2015). \r\n

Introduction: The negative physical and emotional impact of acne on pregnant women has been neglected in the literature and in pre-natal programs in Saudi Arabia.

\r\n\r\nObjectives: The purpose of this study is to estimate the rate of prevalence of acne during pregnancy in Saudi Arabia. A secondary objective is to explore the association between acne and gender of the fetus.

\r\n\r\nMethodology: A Multicenter cross-sectional pilot study was conducted in some public and private health establishments in Riyadh. Pregnant women attending the antenatal clinics in the period of data collection (22 June - 3 July, 2014) were invited to participate by answering a self-administered questionnaire in Arabic language. The sample size calculation revealed that 322 participants were needed. The data was analyzed using SPSS, p-value of <0.05 and 95% CI were considered statistically significant.

\r\n\r\nResults: The prevalence rate of acne during pregnancy is 40.3 %. More than one quarter of acne started to appear at the first trimester. Baby boy were associated with acne flare or exacerbation in 62% of cases p<0.001.

\r\n\r\nConclusion: This study is the first of its kind to relate acne prevalence to pregnancy in the Kingdom. The rate of 40.3% is similar to other International study results. Also, it showed an association with fetal male gender (62%) having acne during pregnancy in contrast with other studies.

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Noureddine Ouerfelli has a PhD and Habilitation Diploma in Chemistry; he is a head of research project in the Laboratory of Biophysics and Medical technologies. He has published more than 45 papers in reputed journals on modeling of physicochemical properties in solution.

Knowledge and estimation of transport properties of fluids are necessary for mass flow and heat transfer. Viscosity is one of the main properties which are sensitive to temperature and pressure variation. In the present work, based on the use of statistical techniques for regression analysis and correlation tests, we propose an original equation modeling the relationship between the two parameters of viscosity Arrhenius-type equation (ln = lnAs + Ea/RT). Empirical validation using 90 data set of fluids provided from the literature and studied at different temperature ranges gives excellent statistical results which allow us to redefine the Arrhenius-type equation using a single parameter instead of two ones (E_a=λ•R(-〖lnA_s)〗^(α_0 )). More, causal correlation between these parameters and the normal boiling temperature (Tb) of the corresponding fluids leads us to propose two predictive empirical equations one with the activation energy (T_b (E_a)= -E_a/(68 - 4.05×〖Ea〗^0.34 )) and one with the logarithm of pre-exponential factor (T_b (lnA_s)= ((-〖lnA_s)〗^2.933)/(8.2 + lnA_s )). We conclude that the boiling temperature is in causal correlation with the two Arrhenius parameters, but with other physical and chemical properties implicitly for which there are some ones are common for the two Arrhenius parameters while others are in relationship only for a single parameter (lnAs) or (Ea). To correct this observation, we will try to suggest in future works, an expression both explicit, the two viscosity Arrhenius parameters Tb(Ea,lnAs) alternatively in the numerator and in the denominator. Note that this equation is tested to some heavy oils with reliable agreement for which we can conclude that it can be useful for petroleum chemistry.\r\n\r\nWhere TA / (K) is the Arrhenius temperature for each pure solvents defined by the following equation:\r\nT_A=(-〖 E〗_a)/Rln(A_s ) (1)\r\n \r\n

PURPOSE:\r\nTo evaluate the outcome of study the results of the first 35 patients of cataract surgery performed with Victus Femtosecond Laser platform (B&L)\r\nMETHODS :\r\nAll surgeries were performed by 3 experienced surgeons at RAK Hospital, Ras Al Khaimah, Northen Most Emirate of UAE. . All morphological types of cataract were included in study.\r\nThe exclusion criteria were : Patient with corneal opacity ,non dilating pupil, shallow anterior chamber ,operated glaucoma filtration surgery , over weight ( >130kg, upper limit for the operating table ). \r\nThe femto second laser procedure was performed under topical anaesthesia in all patients ,with a femtorhexis of 5.3 mm diameter with 5.8microjoule femtoenergy levels ,radial phacofragmentation with energy levels of 7.2 microjoule. Safe zone of 900 micron was kept from posterior capsule, 600 micron from anterior capsule and 500 micron from pupilary zone. and a safe zone of 900 microns from the posterior capsule .600 microns was the safety margin for ant capsule while doing lens fragmentation and 500 microns safety zone from pupillary margins during rhexis and fragmentation.\r\nThe phacoemulsification was done with a peribulbar /topical anaesthesia depending on surgeons choice. A clear corneal tunnel@steep axis , stop and chop technique and implantation of hydrophobic acrylic lens in the bag was performed in all cases.\r\n\r\nRESULTS :\r\nThe M: F ratio was 19:6, while the OD : OS eye ratio was 18:17.Both eyes were operated in 10 patients .Maximum patients were in the age group of 51-60 years, the youngest patient being 15 years old and oldest being 71 years old . Coexisting diabetes and hypertension was noted in 17 patients . There was associated ocular disease in 9 patients , ( most common - NPDR ). The cataract morphology was predominantly corticonuclear senile(31 patients), apart from developmental, traumatic and anterior subcapsular cataracts .27 eyes were operated under topical anaesthesia while 8 required peribulbar block .11 patients opted for Multifocal implants while the rest had Monofocal implants. The complications encountered commonly during Femtoprocedure were suction loss requiring redocking and subconjunctival haemorrhage .\r\nThe posterior capsule was visualized clearly in the real time anterior segment OCT display ,even in hypermature and total cataracts. The pain score was 2 /10 in maximum patients.\r\nIntraoperatively during phacoemulsification after femtoprocedure ,the commonest problems faced was sticky cortical layer on the posterior capsule and rhexis capsular tags .The visual outcome was excellent with 30 eyes regaining vision of 6/6-6/9.\r\nCONCLUSION\r\nFemto second laser assisted cataract surgery on Victus platform is found to be a safe and effective procedure in varied morphological types of cataract including traumatic and developmental cataract .We found a high grade of patient satisfaction and sutability in large range of age group. The only disadvantage on this platform is the weight limit on the table.\r\n

Dr. Lakshmi C. Kasi Viswanath is currently working as an assistant professor at Oklahoma Baptist University. Her research focus lies on supramolecules,development of donor acceptor conjugates for organic solar cells and light harvesting systems. She has published many articles in international journals including a book chapter. She also serves as a reviewer for reputed journals and also a member of editorial board. She actively participates in ACS conferences.

A series of symmetrical chiral, liquid crystal dimeric molecules possessing ester-linked, biphenyl-naphthyl cores with varied spacer lengths and terminal vinyl groups have been synthesized. (S)-(+)-2-(6-Methoxy-2-naphthyl)propionic acid was used as the synthetic precursor to achieve the target dimers. The synthesized symmetrical chiral dimers were characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, and their liquid crystalline behavior was confirmed by DSC and HOPM studies. Structural effects on the mesomorphic and physicochemical properties were investigated in terms of variation of chiral chain length. The synthesized dimeric compounds exhibited SmX*, SmC*, SmA*, N*, BPI*, and BPII* mesophase sequences. An odd-even effect was observed in which the dimers with an even number of spacers generated SmX*, SmC*, SmA*, N*, BPI*, and BPII* phases whereas dimers with an odd spacers exhibited SmX*, SmA*, N*, BPI*, and BPII* phases, and the duration of the mesophase decreased with increasing spacer length. The differences in transitional properties for odd- and even-numbered dimers could be attributed to the difference in conformation of the molecules of the liquid crystalline dimers. When the number of methylene units in the bridging chain (spacer) is odd, then the spacer will be in its cis conformation, which causes the two aromatic units to be tilted in the same direction with respect to eachother (Fig. 1A). In the even membered dimers since the aromatic units are tilted in the opposite directions, a bent structure is produced which when packed with other dimers together will lead to a zig-zag layer-like structure. In general, the trans conformation (Fig. 1B) always leads to layer regularity and promotes the crystal-crystal polymorphism. This kind of layer formation may assist the formation of SmC* phase. However, the cis conformation destroys the regularity and as well as the polymorphism in the liquid crystal melt. The synthesized vinyl substituted liquid crystalline dimers are particularly useful in understanding liquid crystal polymorphism and act as model compounds for liquid crystal polymers.

Kristina Kozovska, 23 years old, graduated in 2014 from Medical Faculty, University ‘St. Kiril and Metodij’ Skopje, Macedonia, with bachelor degree in physiotherapy and rehabilitation. In 2015/16 attended second degree studies at Faculty of Medical Science, University ‘Goce Delcev’ Stip, Macedonia and specialized in reflexotherapy and acupressure. Since 2015 working as a working assistant at association for Traditional Chinese Medicine and acupuncture ‘Tong Da Tang’ Skopje, Macedonia. Has written over 20 publications in Medical journals and attended over 10 Medical conferences. Also practitioner of myofascial release technique (MFR).

Freiberg disease is a form of avascular necrosis which generally develops in the second metatarsal bone, but can occur in any metatarsals. It is commoner in women aged 10-18, athletes and those with abnormally long metatarsals. The Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) philosophy is based on the flow of the Qi energy and balance of yin and yang. According to TCM disease is as a result of an internal imbalance of yin and yang and when the body\'s qi, or vital energy, cannot flow freely. TCM can be used in the treatment of Freiberg disease and can gives very satisfying results. Our patient is a 16 years old female diagnosed with Morbus Freiberg, also known as a Freiberg infraction. In the treatment was used one acupuncture point - ST 44 (Neiting). Four acupuncture treatments were made in our clinic, one with cold needle and three with fire needle. After the 4th treatment our patient was able to walk normally, the edema was reduced and the pain was gone. Acupuncture treatment can reduce the pain and inflammation, and restore the function of the foot normally.

Introduction:\r\nThey are implicated in the malignant progression of glioblastoma via distinct and overlapping oncogenic downstream signaling pathways. EGFRvIII, a constitutively activated EGFR deletion mutant variant, leads to increased tumor growth and diminishes the tumor growth response to HGF:c-Met pathway inhibitor therapy. Activation of the c-Met pathway diminishes the tumor growth response to EGFR pathway inhibitors EGFRvIII and c-Met pathway inhibitors synergize to inhibit tumor growth in isogenic GBM cell lines engineered to express EGFRvIII. Despite targeting RTK signaling in glioblastoma multiforme, a subpopulation of stem-like tumor-propagating cells can persist to replenish the tumor cell population leading to tumor recurrence.\r\n\r\nMethods:\r\nCell Culture: Mayo 39 and Mayo 59 xenograft lines were purchased from the Mayo clinic, as live subcutaneous (s.c.) xenograft-bearing mice. Xenografts were maintained through serial subcutaneous re-implantation in immunodeficient mice (Athymic NCr-nu/nu, NCI). Human clinical specimens were obtained from the Johns Hopkins Neurosurgical operating suites. S.C. Xenografts: Mayo 39 and Mayo 59 tumor xenograft lines serially passaged in nude mice were used to generate s.c. xenografts for experimental studies. When tumors were approximately 150 mm3, mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: 1) control vehicle, 2) Crizotinib, 3) Erlotinib, or 4) Crizotinib + Erlotinib, and received the indicated dose of Crizotinib (40 mg/kg/d, gavage), Erlotinib (100 mg/kg/d, gavage) or the combination of both for 7 days. Control animals received corresponding amounts of DMSO. Tumor sizes were measured every alternate day and tumor volumes were estimated by measuring two dimensions [length (a) and width (b)] and calculated tumor volumes (V) using the equation: V=ab2/2. At the termination of each experiment, tumors were excised and harvested. Antibodies: Antibodies were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Ventana Medical Systems, and Sigma. Immunohistochemistry: Paraffin sections were incubated with anti-cleaved caspase-3, antilaminin or anti-Ki-67 primary anti-body followed by appropriate biotinylated-conjugated secondary antibodies. Tumor cell proliferation, apoptotic, and blood vessel density indices were determined by computer assisted quantification using Image J Software. Immunoblot Analyses: Immunoblotting was performed according to standard procedures. For immunoblot analyses, proteins were electrophoretically transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane. Membranes were incubated with primary antibodies, washed, incubated with the secondary antibody, and washed. Proteins were detected and quantified using the Odyssey Infrared Imager (LI-COR Biosciences). Βeta-Actin was used as a loading control. Neurosphere (NS) formation: Control and treated tumors were harvested to isolate NS. NS were embedded in agarose, stained with Wright stain and counted by computer assisted image analysis. Statistical analysis: POne-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey Multiple comparison test using Prism (Graph Pad Software Inc.). p-value < 0.05 was deemed statistically significant.\r\n\r\nConclusion: \r\nMayo 39 and Mayo 59 xenografts express high levels of phospho-EGFR-VIII and phospho-c-MET, making Mayo 39 and Mayo 59 glioma cells excellent models to assess the combined effects of anti-EGFR and anti c- Met therapy. Crizotinib (c-Met pathway inhibitor) and Erlotinib (EGFR pathway inhibitor) in combination significantly inhibit tumor growth, downstream signaling molecules, and neurosphere growth in primary GBM subcutaneous xenografts The expression of stem cell markers Nestin, Musashi, Olig 2 and Sox2 were significantly down-regulated by c- Met inhibition No additive effect was seen by co-treatment with Erlotinib. Targeting these two parallel pathways provides substantial anti-tumor activity in glioblastoma models.\r\n\r\nReferences:\r\n• Engelman JA, Zejnullahu K, Mitsudomi T, Song Y, Hyland C, Park JO, et al: MET amplification leads to gefitinib resistance in lung cancer by activating ERBB3 signaling. Science 316:1039-1043, 2007\r\n• Lal B, Goodwin CR, Sang Y, Foss CA, Cornet K, Muzamil S, et al: EGFRvIII and c-Met pathway inhibitors synergize against PTEN-null/EGFRvIII+ glioblastoma xenografts. Mol Cancer Ther 8:1751-1760, 2009\r\n• Lal B, Xia S, Abounader R, Laterra J: Targeting the c-Met pathway potentiates glioblastoma responses to gamma-radiation. Clin Cancer Res 11:4479-4486, 2005\r\n• Stommel JM, Kimmelman AC, Ying H, Nabioullin R, Ponugoti AH, Wiedemeyer R, et al: Coactivation of receptor tyrosine kinases affects the response of tumor cells to targeted therapies. Science 318:287-290, 2007\r\n• Xu H, Stabile LP, Gubish CT, Gooding WE, Grandis JR, Siegfried JM: Dual blockade of EGFR and c-Met abrogates redundant signaling and proliferation in head and neck carcinoma cells. Clin Cancer Res 17:4425-4438, 2011\r\n

Felipe León Olivares graduated from the UNAM´s Chemistry Faculty as a Chemist and he has a PhD in Education from the Instituto Politécnico Nacional’s (IPN) Centro de Invstigación de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV). He is currently a professor at the Escuela Nacional Preparatoria-UNAM. He has specialized in the history of chemistry in Mexico. He has published 20 papers in different journals and coautor of 7 books and 5 chapters about the history of chemistry. He is advisor of the Master Educacion Media Superior (MADEMS- Facultad de Química-UNAM).

The aim of this paper is to analyze the chemistry lecture and cabinet in the Escuela Nacional Preparatoria (ENP by its acronym in Spanish) at the end of 19th century. Nowadays, the ENP is part of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México’s (UNAM by its acronym in Spanish) high school subsystem. On one hand, the study to show the material culture of the ENP’s Chemistry cabinet, as part of the Chemistry lecture and the lecturer’s academic formation. On the other hand, the books that were used during the lectures between the years 1867 and 1900. Finally, the work is based on archive work, such as the UNAM’s Historic Archive through the Fondo Escuela Nacional Preparatoria. Furthermore, the UNAM’s Archivo Histórico de la Antigua Escuela Nacional de Medicina (AHAENM by its acronym in Spanish), particularly the Student’s Files.

Maria Jose Merino Plaza is a Pharmacist specialized in Clinical Analysis, responsible for the clinical analysis laboratory of Doctor Moliner Hospital, a medium stay Hospital in Valencia (Spain) since 1994. Master in Quality Management. Since 2010 she is responsible for quality of the center and is very committed to the exciting topics related with Job Satisfaction and Patient Safety Culture. At the moment is conducting her PhD on Quality of Care and Patient Safety in a medium stay Hospital in collaboration with the University of Granada (Spain). Among her professional competences can be highlighted the management of multidisciplinary human teams, the definition and implementation of quality management mechanisms and the high analytical, relational, interpersonal, organizational and empathy skills.

Statement of the Problem: Job satisfaction is an essential factor in achieving individual and collective goals. Job satisfaction surveys are a useful tool to evaluate the perception of professionals and to detect improvement areas. Aim: Identifying dimensions with the greatest impact on health staff job satisfaction, evaluating their evolution over time and selecting the most sensitive monitoring indicators to detecting changes. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: Two cross-sectional studies were conducted in 2013 and 2016. The population studied was the staff of a chronic hospital in Valencia (Spain) (n2013=313; n2016=312). The assessment tool used was the Corporate Osakidetza Satisfaction Survey, based on the EFQM Excellence Model, developed and validated by the Basque Health Service for the evaluation and improvement of people’s job satisfaction in public utility companies. Predictive variables were socio-demographic characteristics and professionals ratio with excellent perception of the organizational variables that define Job Satisfaction. Outcome variable was high job satisfaction, defined as a score ≥ 75th percentile. The association between variables was quantified by Odds Ratio. Findings: Mean job satisfaction was 7 in both studies, being a poor indicator of change. The highest rated aspects in both surveys were healthcare quality and relationship with supervisor, and the worst were hospital management perception and recognition. In the stratified analysis, socio-demographic variables had little significance, while an excellent perception in some of the considered dimensions, was associated with high job satisfaction. The most strongly associated aspects were communication, working environment and training. In the comparative study, indicators based on individual dimensions detected changes better than the assessment of overall satisfaction. Conclusion & Significance: The choice of appropriate indicators optimizes the information obtained through job satisfaction surveys. According to our results, graphical representation of the percentage of satisfied professionals for each of the analyzed dimensions is the best indicator to detecting changes.

Jang Bahadur Prasad has his expertise in Statistical Computations, Analysing large scale data, Sampling Survey, Multilevel analysis, Nutrition, Public Health and Mortality, and Epidemiology. I am involving in the research field from last seven year. Though, I did three master namely Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Health Statistics, Master of Population Studies and Master of Philosophy in Population Studies. Now, I am pursuing Ph.D. entitled “descriptive method for the estimation of outcomes of a particular stochastic exposure and its empirical application with tobacco as an exposure” from International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India. ‘Projections of burden of tobacco related cancers: A new approach for measuring incidence cases for India and its states - Till 2025’ is one of my objective from the PhD work.

Cancer has emerged as an important public health problem in India also as a result of control of infectious diseases and resultant increase in life expectancy during second half of last century. Tobacco use is a measure contributor to the cancer burden which is preventable. It accounts for around 24 to 64% of cancers in males and 7 to 42% in females. Therefore, the objective of present study was to assess the burden of tobacco related cancers (TRCs) for India and its states for 2015-2025. National Cancer Registry Programme (NCRP) of ICMR is the only source of reliable data on cancer in India. The cancer incidence rates generated by population based cancer registries under NCRP and population of India and states projected by Registrar General of India formed the sources of data. Best possible assessment of incidence rates for states using limited data available was worked out. The linear regression method was used to assess trend and project the rates for the study period 2015-2025. Overall burden of TRCs in India was estimated to be 366 thousand in 2015 and it was projected to increase to 508 thousand by 2025, an increase of more than 38.9%. Major portion of this burden was due to tobacco use in men (three fourth) and in rural males (one half). Detailed analysis indicated regional diversity in the burden of different types of TRCs. In view of increasing burden of TRCs, there is urgent need to initiate focused tobacco prevention measures to combat the same.

Wojciech Jawień obtained his MS degree in physics from Jagiellonian University in Kraków and PhD in pharmaceutical sciences from Medical Academy (now Medical College JU). His area of interest ranges from application of AI in drug therapy through computational aspects of pharmacokinetic modelling to physical considerations in pharmacokinetics.

Statement of the Problem: A stochastic modelling in pharmacokinetics is an important method of tracking endo- as well as exogenous substances in the organism. These mechanistic models provide a statistical description of the behaviour of single molecules of the investigated compound. Nanocarriers, which can be viewed as nanocompartments, constitute a very attractive field of application of these models. However, to ensure true mechanistic character of the model, one should be very cautious not to come into conflict with fundamental laws of nature. For instance, Zhao et al. claim: … little research has been done to systematically determine the probability for a drug molecule to follow a specific traveling route . Their paper (and some others) is based on the concept of the probability for a drug molecule in compartment i at time 0 to end in compartment j after an elapsed time t. The purpose of the present study is: 1. to indicate that this concept becomes meaningless when many identical molecules are present. 2. To suggest a direction in which to search for a solution. Theoretical: As far as one considers a single molecule, it is possible, at least in principle, to watch its trace. However, the number of molecules is of order in range 1017-1020 and then their tracking is excluded by the principles of quantum mechanics, namely the indistinguishability of identical particles. Findings One therefore cannot say about the route of the molecules or count their visits in particular compartments. This is not necessary, though. An effectiveness of drug action or physiological process can be expressed in other manner, not violating laws of nature. Conclusion: Stochastic modelling can and should be done by means of correctly described quantum states. It is especially important in nanopharmaco¬kinetics which should also become a quantum pharmacokinetics.

Rehab H Khanjar has experience as a Lecturer at the Institute of Technology for more than 20 years. She has done her Bachelor’s degree from the University of Technology in Baghdad in Production and Metallurgy department. She has done her MSc in Extraction of Metals from University of Technology in Baghdad. She has done her PhD in Metallurgy and works as the Manager for Leetani Co., a company for general trading and engineering consultation for more than five years.

Different researches had studied the effect of laser parameters on the depth of melt or on the hardness of different types of iron using CO2 or Nd:YAG laser. In this research experimental investigation of the effect of laser melting of gray cast iron on the melted volume, the time to melt, the peak temperature, normalized temperature, also the relation between laser spot diameter and the melted track width. The work was carried out using a 600 W continuous wave Yb-YAG fiber laser under different parameters of laser, processing, and material, based on Taguchi L16B design of experiments. The variables are, laser power (80, 230, 380 and 530 W), traverse speed (2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mm/s), beam diameter (1.5, 1.9, 2.4 and 3.3 mm), surface roughness (0.203, 2.127, 3.623 and 5.363 µm) and shrouding gas (0.0, 5, 10 and 20 SLPM). Self-quenching and rapid solidification caused by laser melting altered deeply the cast iron structure. Structural changed volume is temperature and time dependent. It is important to find the volume of altered region, the peak temperature, normalized temperature, and time to melt for each case, then the relation between the experimental parameters and the measured features. The output of Taguchi design of experiments is described using different features which have direct effect on surface performance. Different equations were obtained that explain the relation between laser parameters and the geometrical dimensions, time to melt, peak temperature and normalized temperature, in addition the relation between laser spot diameter and the melted track.

Zuzana Kostecka has her experience in isolation of insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins from ruminant amniotic fluids ] including their influence on proliferative activity of different target cells. She is interested in enzymology, mainly peptidases from insects. Results of her research are applied in the education of students at the University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice in the field of Biochemistry.

Statement of the Problem: Housefly larvae are used in alternative therapy for better wound healing. It has been proved that endopeptidases and exopeptidases are involved in these processes. In many insects predominant peptidolytic activity belongs to serine proteinases of two different subclasses, trypsin-like and elastase-like. Aminopeptidases and carboxypeptidases also play an important role as described in literature.\r\n\r\nMethodology & Theoretical Orientation: After delipidation by chloroform supernatant fraction of larval stage II was loaded on column of Sephadex G-200 (2.5x90 cm) equilibrated in 100 mM Tris/HCl buffer of pH 8.0. Elution was performed by 100 mM Tris/ HCl buffer with a flow rate 12 ml.h-1. Aliquot of each fraction was estimated on enzymatic activity with L-leucine p-nitroanilide (L-Leu-p-NA; aminopeptidase), Nα benzoyl-DL-arginine p-nitroanilide hydrochloride (DL-BAPA; trypsin like) and N-succinylalanyl-\r\nalanyl-alanine p-nitroanilide (N-Suc-Ala3-p-NA; elastase-like). Column was calibrated by blue dextran. Separation of aminopeptidases of three larval stages was performed in 4% polyacrylamide gel at 20 mA for 1 hour at 4ºC. Aminopeptidases on zymogram were detected by diazotization of liberated p-nitroaniline with sodium nitrite and visualized with 1-naphthylamine. Findings: Larval peptidolytic enzymes were separated by gel chromatography into several peaks with different enzyme activities and molecular weight. Principal enzymes with catalytic activity to L-Leu-p-NA were eluted with, or immediately after elution volume of blue dextran. Estimated molecular weight for enzymes of aminopeptidase nature was approximately 200 kDa. Using leucine-pnitroanilide as substrate two leucine aminopeptidase activities were found in all three stages of housefly development.\r\n\r\nConclusion & Significance: Using gel chromatography, it was possible to partially purify leucine aminopeptidase from housefly larvae. Electrophoretogram of aminopeptidases showed two fractions probably reflecting two isoforms of the enzyme.

Chinmoy Patel has completed his graduation in the year 2016 at Gandhi Institute of\r\nEngineering and Technology, India and currently working as a Trainee Engineer in\r\nProduction Department. His open and contextual ideas create new pathways for improving\r\nthe recycling waste world which allows for ethical pluralism. His research helps to improve\r\nthe relation between the solar and recycling world and will helps to create a new innovation\r\nfor the renewable world.

Water is our life line that is very important\r\nfor living organisms. It provides the Earth\r\nwith the capacity of supporting life. Water\r\nis a transparent fluid. It is one of the\r\nweirdest compounds known to humans. It\r\nis a remarkable solvent, where almost all\r\nthe elements and compound can dissolve in\r\nits powerful molecular structure. Water is\r\nthe chemical substance with chemical\r\nformula H2O (one molecule of water has\r\ntwo hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to a\r\nsingle oxygen atom). The textile waste\r\nwater is collected and a sample of 1000 ml\r\nwaste water is taken to carry out the\r\nexperiment. In the sample of waste water,\r\nwe added 10 ml of hydrogen peroxide,\r\nwhich act as a decolorizing agent and pH is\r\nmaintained at 7 using acid (Sulfuric acid)\r\nand base (Sodium hydroxide). 1 gram of\r\nsteel scrap in a black pan was taken and\r\nwaste water solution was added to the pan\r\nand it was covered by glass slab and kept in\r\nthe sunlight for 30 minutes. After 30\r\nminutes decolorized of the solution is\r\nobserved and then the water is stirred at\r\n3000 rpm for 3 minutes so that it is fully\r\ndecolorized and this water can directly be\r\nused for irrigation purpose. This occurs due\r\nto the generation of hydroxyl radical (OH)\r\nduring the iron catalyzed decomposition of\r\nhydrogen peroxide in acid medium. After\r\nthe decolourization of the water it is passed\r\nthrough the industrial waste which is fly\r\nash. Passing the water from fly ash gives\r\npure water which can used for drinking.

Hemlata is a graduate nurse pursuing her M.Sc nursing in obstetrics and Gynecological nursing specialty at Maharishi Markandeshwar University. Her area of interest in research is maternal and reproductive health. She had received a scholarship from Army Welfare Education Society and her career plan is to pursue Doctorate in Nursing.

Eugenics refers to the methods that are adopted by eligible couples for having physically and psychologically healthy conception and pregnancy. Objectives: to assess and compare the knowledge, attitude and expressed practice regarding eugenics among husbands and wives, determine the relationship between knowledge, attitude and expressed practices of husbands and wives and seek relationship between knowledge, attitude and expressed practices of husbands and wives with selected demographic variables. Methodology: A Quantitative Non-Experimental approach with Descriptive Comparative Design was adopted and total 636 adults in reproductive age group with husbands (n=318) and wives (n=318) were selected by purposive sampling techniques who were residing at selected area of north India. Structured Knowledge questionnaire, structured 5-point Attitude scale and Expressed Practices checklist were used to collect data. Results: More number of husbands (61.94%) had below average knowledge as compare to wives (45.28%). Majority of husbands (97.79%) and wives (95.91%) had moderately favourable attitude towards eugenics whereas only 2.20% of husbands and 4.08% of wives had favourable attitude. More than half (59.25%) of husbands and 67.90% of wives followed non-traditional expressed practices regarding eugenics. There was a significant difference in the knowledge, attitude and expressed practices of husbands and wives regarding eugenics (P≤0.000). There was a significant moderate positive correlation between knowledge and attitude of husbands (r=0.371, P≤0.000) and wives (r=0.370, P≤0.000). There was a weak negative correlation between attitude and expressed practices scores of wives regarding Eugenics(r=-0.176, P≤0.003). The knowledge, attitude and expressed practices scores of husbands and wives were dependent on age, educational status and source of information regarding conception and pregnancy. Recommendations: study recommends educational intervention programs to enhance the knowledge, attitude and expressed practices of eligible couples towards eugenics to enhance the mother and child health status.\r\n\r\n\r\n

Minal Kumari is a M.Sc. Nursing final year student, conducted a research project in the fulfillment of her master degree in Child Health Nursing. Her open and new constructivist ideas help in improving the health status. She is also a member of National Neonatal Forum. She is residing in Shimla (H.P.).

Mobile Applications are being developed at a rapid speed and are intensively used by students. It can help to achieve better performance in organizing, managing, and monitoring classroom activities.\r\nAims and objectives: The aim of the study was to assess and compare the knowledge and practice regarding FBNC among nursing students in MBL group and MABL group before and after the administration of MBL and MABL. The conceptual framework of the study was based on CIPP model by Stufflebeam. \r\nMethodology and Theoretical Orientation: The research approach adopted for the study was quasi-experimental and design was non-equivalent comparison group pre–test post–test design. The study was conducted at two nursing colleges of Ambala, Haryana. A total of 70 B.Sc. Nursing 3rd Year students, randomly allocated to 2 groups i.e. 35 in MBL and 35 in MABL. The tool used for the study consisted of structured knowledge questionnaire and observational check list was used to assess knowledge and practices by OSCE method of nursing students regarding FBNC. Data collection was done in January, 2017. The obtained data was analyzed and interpreted in terms of objectives and research\r\nFindings: The major findings revealed that mean post- test knowledge and practices score in MBL group (21.4 ±0.89) and in MABL group (22.4 ± 0.54) was significantly higher than pre-test knowledge score in MBL group (14.6±15.0) and in MABL group (16.2±17.0). Also, the mean post-test practice score in MBL group (38.1±1.91) and in MABL group (38.9± 1.20) was significantly higher than pre-test practice score in MBL (20.4 ± 3.70) as well as in MABL group (20.5 ± 4.26). Mild positive significant relationship (r=0.03) was found between post test score of knowledge and practices\r\nConclusion & Significance: It was concluded from the study MABL was more effective in developing the practices of nursing students regarding FBNC than MBL.\r\n

Kahtan J Hasson is a Pharmacist since 1970 with Master degree from Herriot-Watt University, UK. He is a Lecturer at Al-Rasheed University and an R&D\r\nConsultant at Al-Safa Company for pharmaceutical industries, Baghdad.

Diclofenac sodium is widely used in medicine as anti-infl ammatory and antirheumatic agent. The therapeutic dose of this drug is 75 mg by parenteral administration, however, diclofenac sodium is slightly soluble in water, and therefore,\r\nit is prepared as 3 ml ampoule contains 25 mg/ml. Th e available commercial products of diclofenac sodium ampoules have used diff erent types of solubilizing agents as benzyl alcohol which is an irritant in a concentration more than 3% while the other manufacturers used propylene glycol which has toxic impurities. In this work, I tried to prepare diclofenac sodium\r\ninjection by using hydroxy propyl beta cyclodextrins, a natural and safe excipient in formulation of ampoule solution which formed an inculcation complex compounds with diclofenac sodium, render it very soluble and more stable. Th e fi nished product of ampoules were subjected to the stability study by storing the samples at 40°C and 75% RH for six months and the physico-chemical properties of the samples were tested at diff erent periods. Th e results showed no change in appearance of the ampoules solution along the study time. In addition, a reversed –phase high pressure liquid chromatographic method was developed and applied in studying the behavior and resistance of diclofenac sodium in its solution to the high temperature challenger. The developed HPLC method was proved to be accurate and able to detect the degradation products of diclofenac sodium in solution.

Jose John Thekkedam received his graduation from J.S.S University, Mysore, India. He did his post-graduation from Dr MGR Medical University, Tamil Nadu, India. Later he worked as a lecturer in various pharmacy colleges in India. In 2010, he immigrated to U.S.A and in 2015 became a Registered Pharmacist with the state of Florida (U.S.A). Currently, he is working as a Community Pharmacist.

Elderly population usually has gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD) and other acid related disorders, due to age, concurrent use of other medications. Food and Drug Administration issued warnings regarding long term use of PPI (proton pump inhibitor): fracture risk, hypomagnesemia, clostridium difficile associated diarrhea, Vitamin B12 deficiency, acute interstitial nephritis and systemic lupus erythematosus events and several potential drug interactions. American Geriatrics Society 2015 updated Beer’s criteria for potentially inappropriate medications use in older adults recommends use of PPI for not more than 8 weeks unless for high risk patients. It also recommends avoiding Histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RA) in patients with delirium, dementia or cognitive impairment.\r\n\r\nTheoretical scope of approach: A simple physiological intervention like mild exercise would enhance a “healthy” vagal tone for gastrointestinal disorders including GERD. In contrast to the common mass discharge response of the sympathetic system, control systems of the para sympathetic system are much more likely to be highly specific. In other words, parasympathetic system usually causes specific localized responses. Usually, parasympathetic cardiovascular reflexes act only on the heart. Similarly, other parasympathetic reflexes causes secretion mainly in the mouth glands, where as in other instances secretion is mainly by the stomach glands. Finally, a urinary bladder emptying reflex, need not necessarily initiate a rectal emptying reflex. But it also important to consider that there is an association between closely allied parasympathetic functions.\r\n

Reshma Bharamgoudar and Aniket Sonsale are final year medical students at the University of Birmingham, with a keen interest in improving healthcare delivery and optimising organisational performance. James Hodson is an experienced statistician at University Hospitals Birmingham (UHB) with previous experience in\r\nthe CholeS dataset as well as expertise in producing various scoring tools. Mr Griffiths is a Consultant Upper GI Surgeon at UHB with a passion for research and improving care quality. He has published extensively in this field and is a widely respected surgeon.

Background: The ability to consistently predict operative duration can revolutionise patient care and staff satisfaction whilst optimising theatre efficiency and utilisation, thus reducing costs. With laparoscopic cholecystectomies being one of the most commonly performed procedures worldwide, a tool to predict operative duration could be extremely beneficial to healthcare organisations.\r\n\r\nMethods: Data collected on patients undergoing cholecystectomy in acute UK and Irish hospitals between 03/2014 and 05/2014 formed the CholeS dataset, which was used as the basis for duration prediction. Data were evaluated to assess the effect\r\nof age, gender, BMI, ASA and results of any pre-operative imaging on operative duration. A binary logistic regression model was produced, with a forwards stepwise approach used to select variables for inclusion. The resulting model was converted to\r\na risk score and its predictive accuracy was assessed using ROC curves. The model also applied to a second cohort of patients for external validation.\r\n\r\nResults: After exclusions, data were available for 7,227 surgeries in the derivation (CholeS) cohort. The risk score was then applied to a cohort of N=2,405 patients from a tertiary centre for external validation. This cohort had a similar operative duration to the derivations cohort, with a median of 66 minutes (IQR: 52-85), and 20% (N=481) of operations taking >90 minutes. The score as a whole had a similar degree of predictive accuracy to that observed in the derivation cohort. ASA was a significant predictor of duration and all other factors but gender (p=0.480) and planned intra-op cholangiogram (p=0.306) were found to be significantly predictive of operative duration.\r\n\r\nConclusion: Through validating the score using a large and comparable cohort, this tool has shown to have the potential to enable organisations to better organise theatre lists and deliver greater efficiencies in care.\r\n\r\n

Bukonda is full professor of Public Health Sciences at Wichita State University. He received his PhD at the University of Minnesota (1994). He has lectured at various academic institutions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zimbabwe and USA (ISTM-Kinshasa, University of Mbujimayi, Africa University, Southern and Northern Illinois Universities). He is member of and has assumed leadership roles in many scientific, professional and community organizations. He is author and co-author of more than 100 scientific presentations and about 3 dozens of articles/abstracts and his research interests include primary health care, policies of essential drugs, teamwork, hospital accreditation, quality improvement and safety of medical care, private health care entrepreneurship and management of community pharmacy

While members of the African Diaspora have been abundantly lauded as significant contributors to the economy of their countries of origin, notably through their financial remittances, little is known about their collective efforts and challenges to mobilize and establish health care facilities in Africa. Yet there are many primary health care infrastructure development initiatives undertaken successfully or not by various individuals or organizations in the African Diaspora with the aim of bringing basic health care services to the under-served African communities. These initiatives have not yet been sufficiently documented. This lack of documentation prevents optimal involvement of the African Diaspora, causes many actors to repeat mistakes they could have otherwise avoided, and blocks theory formulation and testing in this domain. This case study is aimed at addressing some of these shortcomings, notably by describing, from an insider’s perspectives, the efforts deployed and the challenges faced by Leja Bulela Inc, a United States of America-based Congolese Diaspora organization, to establish and operate a health center in favor of a community of internally displaced persons in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). We explore the political and sociological forces at play in both the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the USA to prompt first the creation of Leja Bulela and then the establishment of the Kalala Muzeu health center in Mbujimayi, capital of the Eastern Kasai province (DRC). After critically analyzing the structural and functional features of these two entities, we uncover and identify their inherent challenges. Finally, we propose key best practices that African Diaspora organizations can, with some adjustments based on their respective parameters such as country of residence and country or origin, follow to grow into highly performing organizations and, eventually, to more expeditiously and more efficaciously create and operate quality primary health care facilities in Africa.

Zeiwei Shi is a grade 11 high school student. He likes invention and has several patents authorized by State Intellectual Property Office of China. Due to his excellent achievement in balance monitoring research, he received China National Top One honorable title in the awarding program for future scientist from the state authorities in November 2016. He likes Biomedical Engineering and wishes to extend his knowledge in corresponding fields

Popular human balance ability monitoring methods such as scale scoring and posturography testing have many drawbacks, e.g., subjective judgment, complicated and expensive instrument platform, pre-defined actions in lab environment other than real walking postures in daily living. In order to overcome these weaknesses, the author developed a brand-new balance monitoring methodology. The methodology is developed directly on human real walking postures as follows: (1) the body motion is simplified with a three-spot mathematic model, i.e. the waist, the left foot and the right foot structure. (2) the acceleration data at each spot are collected and processed via Fourier transform to get dynamic spectrums. (3) The spectrum data are further analyzed to interprat the balance condition by reviewing the degree of harmonic restraining, harmonic compensating, and inter-spots spectrum correlation. (4) A specific algorithm was developed to aggregate the specific spectrum features into a general balance ability index. Based on the methodology as above, the author successfully developed the electronic modules, the software system and android application so that a smart wearable balance ability monitoring device was invented. The device is mini scaled and user friendly.Iit can precisely identify individual balance ability differences that cannot be distinguished by human sense. The invention can be used for older adults, providing imbalance warning in their daily life to avoid injury from falling down. It can be used as well in many other aspects, such as walking recovery training, exoskeleton control and so on

Sami Albawani is a PhD candidate at UiTM university, Malaysia. He is a PhD student in clinical pharmacy and he is currently waiting for his PhD viva

As health care professionals, pharmacists are ideally located in community to ensure safe, effective, and rational use of drugs during self-medication practice. However, the profession of pharmacist in Yemen has become less trustworthy and many drugs are dispensed without any medical supervision. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of community pharmacists and other drug dispensers during self-medication practice. Methods: An in depth, semi-structured interviews including a series of open-ended questions were conducted and twenty community drug dispensers working in ten community pharmacies in Sana\'a City were recruited based on purposive sampling technique. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and translated to English. The transcripts were analyzed thematically using constant comparison approach. Results: Many important themes were identified including the irrational dispensing practice by drug dispensers, poor quality of education, lack of trust towards pharmacists and doctors. Conclusion: There is an urgent need for educational campaigns to increase awareness among drug dispensers toward the risk of irresponsible self-medication. Only qualified pharmacists should be allowed to dispense medications, pharmacy curriculum need to be reviewed and updated to address important health issues including self-medication and health authorities must urgently ensure the enactment of pharmacy law.\r\nKeywords: Self-medication, Community Drug Dispensers, Sana’a City, Qualitative study\r\n

Grazia Leonzio is currently a PhD student from L’Aquila University, Italy. She has published several articles and participated in several international and national\r\ncongresses about environmental and energy aspect of chemical processes. She is a Member of several associations: Italian Association of Chemical Engineering,\r\nItalian Chemical Society, Italian Scientists and Scholars in North America and European Commission Authentication Service. She is also a Referee of several\r\njournals.

The aim of this research is to develop a mathematical model to describe the production of human antibody fragments of small size\r\nas ScFv, Fab, F(ab’), through fermentation of Escherichia coli BW25113 (ara). Th e fermentations are conducted in a fermenter\r\n(Chemap Ag) with a mechanical agitation. Th e entire phase of fermentation is monitored on-line using a data acquisition system\r\nMFCS/WIN. A kinetic and stochiometric models are developed. Th e stochiometric model describes the biological process of biomass\r\ngrowth. Th e kinetic analysis of experimental data about fermentation of E. coli is carried out for batch and fed-batch phase for the\r\nproduction process. Th e batch analysis is described by material balances of substrate and biomass with Monod and Pirt equations.\r\nTh e fed-batch phase is modeled using the material balances on biomass, substrate and product and analyzing the variation on volume\r\nduring the time. Runge and Kutta algorithm is used to resolve the system equations. Result show that the equation that describe\r\nthe growth of biomass is: C6H12O6+3.56O2+0.52ONH3→2.13CH1,92O0,3N0,24+3,87CO2+4,74H2O. For the Monod and Pirt law the\r\nfollowing parameters are found by regression of experimental data during the batch phase: μmax is 0.55 h-1, Ks is 0.10 g/L, Yx/s is\r\n0.35. Th e kinetics parameters that describe the fed-batch phase are the following: μmax is 0.24 h-1, Ks is 1.5 g/L, Yx/s is 0.34, m is\r\n0.02, α is 0.00043, β is 0.00007, Yp/s is 0.00084. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to verify the effi ciency of the mathematical model,\r\nvarying the values of parameters about ±10%: Evident variations are not present so the model is robust and stable. Th e realized\r\nmathematical models can be used to optimize the pilot plant and for the planning of the laboratory tests.

Denys Savchenko is a passionate chemical researcher. He studies development of materials for grinding tools. In 2014 he got PhD in Material Sciences. His research is dedicated to the study of the polymer structure and improvement of heat-resistance and mechanical properties of materials based on polymers.\r\n

Montmorrilonite is one of the fillers for polymers that are studied now. It attracts scientists due to the following reasons: 1) improvement of polymeric materials properties due to filler introducing 2) particularities of montmorrilonite behavior in polymer melts and solutions 3) abundance and availability of the mineral Introduction of montmorrilonite into polymers and olygomers may improve their mechanical properties, heat-resistance, gas selectivity (for membranes), compatibility of polymers, and accelerate relaxation process and reduce water absorption. Polymeric composite materials based on montmorrilonite can be applied for electrochemical sensors, drug delivery systems, packaging materials, sorbents, etc. However there are no literature data about application of such polymeric composite materials as binders for grinding tools. In addition, there is no enough information about structure peculiarities of olygomers based on phenol-formaldehyde, containing montmorrilonite. Objectives of this work were: 1) to make the synthesis of olygomers based on phenol-formaldehyde and montmorrilonite, 2) to study olygomer structures and the influence of concentration of montmorrilonite and alkali on them, 3) to provide a substantiate preposition about a chemical reaction mechanism of olygomer formation. Experimental part: the synthesis of olygomers was conducted in seven steps: 1) the water was added to montmorrilonite, 2) phenol-formaldehyde was dissolved in alkaline medium and a catalyst was added to it, 3) both mixtures were heated and stirred during 30 days, 4) montmorrilonite sorbed the water was added in portions to the phenol-formaldehyde solution 5) the obtained system was heated and stirred as well 6) during heating and stirring the residue of olygomer has formed 7) olygomer was filtered and dried. The structure of olygomer was studied with IR-spectra. Findings: Olygomers based on phenol-formaldehyde, containing silica-alumina layers of montmorrilonite were synthesized. Synthesized olygomers were of three structure types: 1) aromatic rings of phenol-formaldehyde are coordinated around silica atoms of silica-alumina layers 2) metoxyl and hydroxyl groups are coordinated around silica-oxide groups of above mentioned layers 3) phenol-formaldehyde chains are chemically bound with such layers via Si-O-C bonds.

Egor A. Puzikov graduated from Physico-Chemical Department of SPb Institute of Technology (Technical University), St-Petersburg, Russia, in 1989 and received there his PhD in 1995. He has been working at Khlopin Radium Institute for 23 years and currently holds the position of a senior researcher at Department of Applied Radiochemistry. He works in the team of scientists headed by prof. B.Ya.Zilberman. His main interests are computer simulation of extraction, precipitation and evaporation equilibrium applied to Nuclear Fuel reprocessing. He has developed several software packages for simulation of stationary and dynamic component distribution through the stages of extraction units. He has publishes more than 20 papers and is working currently on his full doctor of science thesis.

A mathematical model has been proposed for calculating distribution coefficients of NPP spent fuel components in extraction systems with 30% TBP in a hydrocarbon diluent using the improved Rozen’s model based on the semi-empirical extraction equations. A computer code has been developed for simulation of the steady-state component concentration profiles throughout the extraction multistage unit, as well as the code for calculating the transient regime in the head and backwashing units of various PUREX process options for high burn-up spent fuel from nuclear power plants (NPP) with WWER (PWR) water-cooled reactors.\r\nThe analysis of published and newly obtained data on the influence of component concentration and temperature made possible to describe the equilibrium extraction of HNO3 and hexa- and tetravalent acti-nides as well as Zr and HTcO4 from nitric acid solutions into 30% TBP in the Purex process conditions in different extraction units except the ki-netics of ox-red reactions because of uncertainty of induction period.\r\nThe results of long-term bench experiments concerning transient regime of the head mixer–settler unit of the RT-1 complex were in good agreement with simulation results for entering the beyond-design-basis regime using the model of ideal mixing in a settling chamber, while the return from this regime is better described by plung-flow model. The effect of significant extraction of Pu at limiting loading of the solvent with uranium was confirmed allowing adequate description of the Pu accumulation in the uranium-free zone of the extraction– scrubbing unit. \r\nThe adequacy of the ideal mixing model for a unit of centrifugal con-tactors was demonstrated as applied to reprocessing of SNF from fast reactors. A separate experiment has shown that the Pu accumulation in the uranium-free zone does not occur in this case because of higher acidity of the aqueous phase and higher process temperature (so called IMPUREX process), while the Pu distribution between the contac-tor steps correlates with the U distribution.\r\nThe bench tests on transient regime in uranium backwashing unit have indicated on the applicability of the above model.\r\nThe drawbacks of Rozen’s model such as ignoring of hydrolyses and extraction of partially hydrolyzed or complexed species leading to the high number of empirical corrections, as well as impossibility to de-scribe salting-out effect and extraction by high concentration TBP urged us to look for a new approach to simulation of interphase equilibrium. The new “multireaction” model describes the extraction of actinides in various valent states, some fission products and admixed acids from nitric acid media in the presence of salting out agents by diluted TBP. It is based on a set of simultaneous chemical reactions of unlimited number of components, including salvation, hydrolysis, complexing and other reactions, characterized by apparent concentration constants.\r\n

Hassanat E. Mustafa ,RN PhD, Faculty of Nursing, Elneelain University ,Khartoum, Sudan and Department of Nursing Practice, Faculty of Nursing, Um Al Qura University, Makah-Saudi Arabia

Objective: An acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is an emergency situation requiring immediate intervention; so nursing competence has become a controversial issue in health care. The aim of this article was to detect the factors that lead to decline of nurses’ competence during an emergency management of patients with acute myocardial infarction.\r\n\r\nMethodology: A descriptive study was used. The study conducted in critical care units and emergency departments at five public hospitals in Khartoum state in 2013. The standardized administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The sample size covered all nurses whom were fulfilling the selection criteria which amounted to 139 nurses from both gender. The data processed and analyzed using the statistical package software (SPSS); version 19, One-Sample T test and A- Nova were used, P-value of <0.05 considered statistically significant.\r\n\r\nResult: The result reveal that the studied subjects had low knowledge, attitude and skill during emergency care of patient with AMI. Also it showed that most of the studied subjects had Bachelor degree (70%), had low nursing experience less than one year in CCU and emergency department (37%), only trained nurses were 15% while absent of protocols and guidelines at work field.\r\n\r\nIn the previous studies revealed that nurses’ competence leads to improved quality of care and satisfaction of patients. The standards requirements must be needed for nurses to be qualified. Continuous training, uses protocol at the field of the work as well as nurses must keep their knowledge and skills up to date.\r\n\r\nConclusion:\r\n\r\nLack of training, absent of protocol or guidelines and low nursing experience at CCU and ED were the main reason of low competency among the studied subjects.\r\n\r\n

Maria Clara S Maroja is a Doctorate degree student from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. She graduated in Nutrition from the Federal University of Paraíba, expertise at Clinical Nutrition from the Gama Filho University, Rio de Janeiro, and Master\'s degree at Nutritional Sciences from the Federal University of Paraíba. She works at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, where she exerts publishing activities related to the Principia Journal and book publications. She is also a Reviewer of scientific journal articles. She was a Nutritionist at the City Hall of São Bentinho, Paraíba, and at the State Health Department, where she participated in the planning, implementation and evaluation of food and nutrition public policies. She has experience in health professionals training and in nutrition, with emphasis on nutrition and public health, maternal and child health (specially the promotion of breastfeeding) and evaluation of health public policies.

Statement of the problem: By rethinking the biologist attention, Brazil has been resuming the Paulo Freire’s pedagogic practices on the health professionals formation. However, health education curriculums based on this pedagogy are still scarce and its assumptions need to be better investigated in practice. This study analyzed the contributions of Paulo Freire\'s Pedagogic Problematization in the development of working processes on health.\r\n\r\nMethodology & Theoretical Orientation: Evaluative, participative and qualitative research, case study type, conducted in 2017. The study took place at the Multiprofessional Residency Course on Mental Health, from the Federal University of Paraíba, Brazil, whose plan course predicts the Freire\'s Pedagogic Problematization. Semistructured interviews with the tutors (7) were applied alongside a meeting of focus group with 20 residents. The Theoretical-methodological conceptions were based on Paulo Freire\'s pedagogical assumptions to investigate and develop the Teaching-Learning process. \r\n\r\nFindings: The guiding problematization of the Teaching-Learning process happens from the problem-situations and reporting of the residents experiences on Mental Health public services, where they act interdisciplinarity during 80% of the full academic course load. It was noticed that this feedback process action-reflection-action, allied to the interdisciplinarity, made it possible for the residents to see the bearers of mental illness not only under the various biological knowledges, but understand them in the complexity of their reality and empower them to overcome their own limits. It was also attributed to the pedagogic problematization, benefits to the functioning of health services and the community, such as improvements in physical structures, solidarity economy and popular participation on public mental health policies.\r\n\r\nConclusion & Significance: The commitment of health education to the sociocultural, economic and political characteristics of each reality has been configured in a positive educational experience with significant advances at the working processes that extend to changes in the realities experienced by the students.\r\n\r\n

Khadeev Ravil has completed his PhD in 1988 in IPAN in Moscow. He is the Chief Technologist in the production of composite materials. He is specialized in Radiophysics from the Kharkov University and obtained PhD in IPAN in Moscow, specializing in Ergonomics.

To simplify the navigation, it is necessary that the person, who controls the vessel or other inert object, is able to know exactly the direction and speed of the development of the traffic, information about the future position of the hull on the surface or in space. The way of obtaining such information is described in the patent application. The operator can easily perform the exact actions by means of information on the future position of the managed object. Such information is needed when managing any inert object or process. The information on the rate of change allows to see - when the situation goes to a danger zone, allows to intervene in the management to prevent an emergency situation. It is essential that any automatic control system always uses the exact value of the derivative of a variable parameter. Without such information, the automatic device cannot control. The human operator also uses the value, derived from the process of control. But he usually does it on the basis of approximate data, which he receives from visible speed of movement or otherwise guided by the experience of previous situations. This is possible to provide the operator with information about the future position of the ship hull, using the signal of the navigation system. When the position of point on the surface is repeatedly measured, it is possible to obtain the velocity vector of its displacement. By distance and direction from the point of location at a given moment determines the future position. The selected scale will determine the time of its new position forecast, it is necessary to install two (or more) receivers of the navigation system, as shown in Figure 1, in remote locations on the hull of the ship. On the basis of the position of the sensors on the ship hull, the position of the hull on the surface can be built at a specific moment in time. A future situation is being built according to the future position of the sensors in relation to the surface. Figure 1 shows the future position of the ship hull, shown in dotted lines. By varying the scale of the velocity vector, it is possible to construct several different options of the future position of the vessel on the surface for this value of the movement speed of the receivers of the navigation signal. This is convenient to use for observation of the ship\'s movement on the surface.

\r\nIlana Racowski has a background in Food Engineering, with Masters and PhD degree in Food Microbiology and Genetics at the University of São Paulo (USP). She has been working as a Professor and Researcher in this area for 17 years, with publications in the area of natural antimicrobials for both bacteria and fungi, where her research area is also concentrated. Today, she is a professor of food microbiology and a researcher at the Termomecanica Technology College (FTT) in the Food Engineering course. In addition to the Microbiology Area, she has a degree in Administration, where she also has Lacto Senso and MBA postgraduate courses.\r\n

\r\nEvaluation of the antimicrobial activity of oregano essential oil in different concentrations against microorganisms present by natural contamination of sliced mozzarella cheese: Increasingly, natural substances that can act on microorganisms are being studied, delaying their development in order to replace or reduce the use of synthetic preservatives, since some of these substances can be aggressive to humans and the environment. In this way, the present work had the objective to evaluate the antimicrobial power of the essential oil of oregano, in front of deteriorating fungi of the genus Aspergillus sp. (A) and Penicillium sp. (B) isolated by sowing technique on surface of apparent contamination of sliced mozzarella cheese. To verify the analysis of the antimicrobial power of oregano oil at concentrations of 1:10; 1: 100; 1: 1000; 1: 10000; 1: 100000 and pure the agar diffusion methodology was used using PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) as the culture medium in the Petri dishes and as the growth control the addition of sterile distilled water. With the result it was possible to notice that for the microorganisms A and B the pure oil and its dilution of 1:10 exert antimicrobial power obtaining a final PGI (Percent of Growth Inhibition) of 100% of Growth Inhibition and 77,23% respectively for the microorganism B the PGI values were 100% and 70.69%. \r\n

YoungHo Kim has his expertise in physical activity and its related psychological variables in health psychology

Effects of a weight control program focused on physical activity and psychological modification on BMI, physical activity, and psychological variables in obese adolescents\r\nYoungHo Kim\r\nSeoul National University of Science and Technology, South Korea\r\n\r\nAbstract\r\n\r\n \r\nThe current study investigated the effect of a weight control program focused on physical activity and psychological modification on BMI, physical activity levels, and psychological variables towards physical activity in male obese adolescents. One hundred and twenty-five obese male adolescents who had BMI greater than 25 kg/m2 were preliminarily recruited from a junior high school located in Seoul, South Korea. Among them, a total of 68 students and their parents returned their consent forms with sign and finally participated in the 16-week obesity intervention. During this period, the study participants’ BMI, physical activity levels, self-efficacy, perceived benefits and barriers were measured at the three-time point. The first measurement was taken for all 68 participants at baseline, the second measurement was taken after the eight-week intervention for those who remained in the program (94.1%; n=64), and the final measurement was taken for 89.7% of the initial 68 participants (n=61) who completed the 16-week intervention. Obese adolescents\' BMI (F=3.51) and physical activity (F=4.01) were significantly changed over the 16-week obesity intervention. In addition, exercise self-efficacy (F=5.02) and perceived benefits toward physical activity (F=5.34) significantly increased but perceived barriers of physical activity (F=5.10) gradually decreased over the intervention. This study suggests that it is important to consider not only physical activity, but also the various psychological factors that influence physical activity when planning and implementing the obesity program.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n Biography\r\n\r\nYoungHo Kim has his expertise in physical activity and its related psychological variables in health psychology.\r\n

Bela Shah is an expert Clinical Dermatologist with over 30 years of experience. She is Professor and Head of Dermatology Department at B. J. Medical College and Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad. She has participated in numerous clinical studies and has authored numerous publications in the field of Dermatology. She is a renowned speaker and has made presentations at multiple conferences worldwide. She is one of the Principal Investigators in the presented trial.

Background: Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease. The multifactorial etiology of acne vulgaris makes it challenging to treat. Antimicrobials should be combined with topical retinoids for greater clearing of lesions and shortened duration of antibiotic treatment. \r\nAim: The present study compared the efficacy and safety of nadifloxacin and adapalene fixed dose combination (FDC) gel with adapalene monotherapy and nadifloxacin monotherapy. \r\nMethod: It was a randomized, double blind, controlled, multicentre, phase III, parallel group study conducted in India. In this eight-week study, 318 patients with mild to moderate acne were randomly allocated to either of the three treatment groups; Group A (morning placebo, evening FDC; FDC of nadifloxacin 1% + adapalene 0.1%, n=106), Group B (morning placebo, evening adapalene 0.1%, n=106) and Group C (twice daily nadifloxacin 1% alone, n=106). The outcome variables included lesion counts, acne severity based on investigator global assessment (IGA) scale and quality of life (QOL) assessment. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded at every visit. \r\nFindings: At the end of the treatment, maximum mean reduction in inflammatory lesion counts were comparable in Group A (-11.1) in comparison to Group B (-8.9) and Group C (-8.5); p>0.05 for both. However, change from baseline in non-inflammatory lesion count at week eight was higher in Group A (-13.1) compared to Group B (-12.0); p=0.04 and Group C (-11.5), p =0.17. For acne severity, 61.7% of patients in Group A, 54.3% in Group B and 56% in Group C showed improvement. The maximum improvement in terms of quality of life (QOL) score was observed in Group A; with comparable results for the other group. \r\nConclusion: Topical fixed dose combination of nadifloxacin 1% and adapalene 0.1% is effective in mild to moderate acne with good tolerability.\r\n

Olena Pokryshko, MD, PhD, is Ass. Prof., Head of Microbiological and Parasitological Investigates Laboratory and member of Winogradsky Society of Microbiologists of Ukraine. After graduation of medical university she was doctor of Rustavi’s Urban Clinic (Georgia); then doctor of Pidvolochisk’s District Hospital (Ukraine). Currently Olena teaches course Microbiology, Virology and Immunology at I. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University with 15 years of teaching experience. Her scientific interests are human microbial ecology; a skin microflora of the with diabetes mellitus; adhesive properties of microbes; problems of the probiotics usage in medicine; susceptibility of microorganisms to antibiotics, multidrugs resistance in bacteria; antimicrobial activity of substances derived from plants, or new synthesized; the role of microbiota in immunity.

Background: Actuality of the problem relative to a combination of chronic pancreatitis (CP) with osteoarthritis (OA) is due to the prevalence of both diseases. It was established that in patients with CP there are a suppression of an activity of the cell-mediated immunity and a stimulation of humoral factors of immunogenesis. Cases of OA are also accompanied by the activation of the humoral immune response: increasing of CIC level, C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). \r\n\r\nAim: The purpose of the research was an investigation of influence the CP existence on immune system in patients with either CP or OA. \r\n\r\nResults & Discussion: The study of the immune status (IS) in two patients\' groups was carried out: 1st one with CP, 2nd one with combination of CP and OA. Comparing the IS indices in both groups, in the 2nd group of patients the CIC level increased by 12.91%, CD-22 - by 5.26%, ESR - by 27.40%, otherwise the level of CD-4 decreased by 4.10% (statistically significant, p<0.05). Patients with CP with OA had T-lymphocytopenia, II degree, and signs of non-specific systemic inflammation with a slight activation of the immunity, and disimmunoglobulinemia. \r\n\r\nConclusions: In both the studied groups: there were manifestations of the inhibition of the cellular immunity and at the same time, the activation of the humoral one. However, the indicators of the immune system in patients with chronic pancreatitis in combination with osteoarthritis were statistically worse significantly.\r\n

Dr. Ian James Martins is an Editor/Reveiwer for Open Acess Pub/MDPI journals. Photon Advisory Board Member. Chief Editor for International Journal of Diabetes Research (2014-2018), Research and Reviews: Neuroscience (2016-2018) and Journal of Diabetes and Clinical Studies (2017-2018). BIT Member (BIT Congress. Inc). Scientist for Science Advisory Board (USA) and Academic with Academia.edu. H-index of 43, (ResearchGate STATs (23), Mendeley STATS (20). Scientific research citations accumulated to >3300. Lifetime Membership by International Agency for Standards and Ratings as Fellow. Winner (World Academic Championship -2017) in Diabetes and Medical Science (Nutrition). Conferred with the RICHARD KUHN RESEARCH AWARD-2015 ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM.

Prevalent chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and neurodegenerative diseases that includes epilepsy induced stroke have raised major concern with relevance to diabetes and the global problem for chronic diseases. The need to optimize drug therapy and improve therapeutic outcomes has become of major concern with relevance to alarming reports of drug-drug interactions or drug-protein interactions. The role of various factors such as diet, environment, stress and lifestyle as important factors that regulate drug therapy and stabilize insulin resistance is relevant to chronic diseases. Research that involves the various factors and inactivation of anti-aging genes have indicated relevance to defective drug metabolism. The heat shock gene Sirtuin 1 (Sirt 1) and its repression inactivates insulin therapy, hepatic drug metabolism and antimicrobial therapy. Sirt 1 inhibitors are connected to mitophagy and induction of NAFLD linked to food quality and pharmacological management (antimicrobial/antiepileptic therapy). Drugs such as Avasimibe reverse NAFLD and improve pharmacological management in NAFLD and chronic diseases.

Antonio Alberto Rodríguez Sousa completed his Bachelor Degree from Complutense University of Madrid. He is currently pursuing his PhD at the same university since 2015; although, he develops a large part of his work by teaching at the School of Biological Sciences. He has extensive experience in medicine, particularly on cystic fibrosis as a genetic disease. He has attended more than 10 prestigious international congresses, contributing with great academic impact and is currently a member of the Department Council of his alma mater.\r\n\r\n

Cystic fibrosis is the genetic disease with the highest incidence in the Caucasian population. Although it has always been a pediatric disease, this disorder has a higher incidence in adults due to the increase in life expectancy of patients. Thanks to the design of target drugs that treats specific mutations of the cystic fibrosis trans-membrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. On the other hand, it is noteworthy to highlight the progress that has been made in terms of diagnostic techniques of this disease, being able to apply classical techniques such as the evaluation of electrolytes in sweat or the valuation of the transepithelial nasal potential difference or molecular techniques such as tracing mutations by high resolution melting of the DNA of the affected individuals, thus facilitating the diagnosis and being able to apply early different treatments that delay the progress of the pathology. In this way, the variability of available treatments allows to fight against the multiple clinical manifestations of this disorder, being able to apply traditional drugs such as antibiotic therapy combined with antifungals against pulmonary infections together with specific expectorant agents such as hypertonic saline and the implementation of respiratory physiotherapy or target medications such as ivacaftor, among others. Nevertheless, research directed towards the design of a curative and non-palliative treatment is necessary, such as a gene therapy that uses a virus or a plasmid as a transmission vector and that assumes the correct resumption of cellular processes altered by this disease.

Fernanda Wariss Figueiredo Bezerra holds a degree in Food Engineering from the Federal University of Pará-UFPa (2012). She had master in Food Science and Technology by the Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology of UFPa (2017). She is PhD in progress in Food Science and Technology by the Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology of UFPA. She acted as Instructor in the \"Project of Socioproductive Inclusion in the State of Pará\" and has experience in the area of food quality control in performing physical-chemical, enzymatic and antioxidant analyzes; and extraction with supercritical fluid.

The present study aimed the utilization of the resulting fibers from the industrial pressing of palm oil. The palm-pressed fibers (PPF) were physico-chemically characterized and were determined the overall yields of CO2 supercritical extraction at temperatures of 40 and 60 ºC and pressures of 150, 300 and 450 bar. The oily extracts of palm-pressed fibers were analyzed by gas chromatography and carotenoids content; the oily extract obtained in the best condition was characterized by acid, peroxide, saponification, refractive indexes and relative density. Afterwards, transesterification reactions were carried out using ethanol and supercritical CO2 as cossolvent and the following conditions: molar ratios of 20:1 and 40:1 (ethanol:oil); CO2 mass of 5.31 × 10−7 g; temperatures of 150, 250, and 350 °C; periods of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 60 minutes; pressure of 200 bar and stirring at 600 rpm. The product obtained in the transesterification was analyzed for its content of fatty acid esters. The operational condition of the highest overall yield of the oily extract (6.09%) was obtained at 40 °C and 450 bar. The oily extracts of palm-pressed fibers presented low carotenoids content (5.32 – 26.11 μg/g oil). They also presented more than 80% of saturated fatty acids and their physico-chemical characteristics met or were close to those determined by the Codex Alimentarius. Supercritical transesterification showed maximum yield of esters of 99.33%, in the operational condition with molar ratio of 40:1, 150 °C and 60 minutes.\r\n\r\n

Monica Tarcea is the professor in the Department of community Nutrition and Food Safety in the University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tirgu Mures and also Hygiene Discipline (between 1994-2012). She achieved 20 postgraduate courses for physicians, nurses, chemists and biologists, regarding nutrition, food safety, environment hazards, water and air quality, reproductive health and life style management. She is member of Romanian Public Health Association and EUPHA, Romanian Society of Behavioral Medicine and ISBM, Healthy Nutrition Foundation, Romanian Nutrition and Dietetics Association (ARoND), Romanian Hygiene Society, Romanian Society for School Physicians, also in Editorial committee of Hygiene and Public Health Journal and Journal of Obesity & Eating Disorders.\r\n\r\n

Objectives: To estimate the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of Romanian population, and their knowledge towards dietary fibre intake, the information sources preferred and perception of obesity related health risks.\r\nMethods: We used a convenient cross-sectional survey, and the data were collected using a validated questionnaire, disseminated online. Six different Romanian counties with 57 cities were selected in 2016, with 670 participants, and we used the SPSS program 22.0 for statistical purpose. The same questionnaire was applied in other 7 European countries, part of an international project design.\r\nResults: The knowledge about dietary fibres intake was low in Romanian sample, also was the ingestion of foods rich in fibre (fruits, vegetables and cereals). Compared to men, women agree significantly more frequent that fibres in appropriate amounts can prevent or treat diseases (U=44607, z=-4.66, p<0.001, r=0.18) and separately related to specific diseases, that fibres can prevent and/or treat cardio-vascular diseases, cholesterol, bowel cancer, breast cancer, constipation, and diabetes, but with no differences regarding the deficiency of vitamins and minerals (p=0.774) or obesity (p=0.399). Regarding the differences observed by countries, the highest fruit consumption was found for Portugal (11.7 portions per week), while the lowest was for Hungary (7.4) and Latvia (7.1). Turkey that had the highest interest for food labelling (4.0 points), contrarily to Macedonia (3.0) with the lowest value, and Hungary with 3.6 points. The indepth analysis of factors that are able to influence European’s knowledge and attitudes towards food fibres, defined the social profile of the respondents with interest on dietary fibre intake, which is: young females, with at least high school education, that considers internet and television like main sources of information regarding fibres.\r\nConclusions: Based on our results, we can elaborate efficient community and school intervention programs, more focused on modern information technology and communication skills, fit to the consumer’s profile in order to promote a healthy nutrition behavior and proper knowledge.\r\nKeywords: dietary fibre;obesity; internet; education\r\n

Grazia Leonzio is a PhD student from L’Aquila University. She published several articles and participated to several international and national congresses about environmental and energy aspect of chemical processes. She wrote an article about waste management in Italian regions and published in Columbia University web-side. She participated to M.U.N conferences and she is a member of several associations: A.I.D.I.C. (Italian Association Of Chemical Engineering), S.C.I. (Italian Chemical Society), I.S.S.N.A.F. (Italian Scientists and Scholars in North America), E.C.A.S. (European Commission Authentication Service). She is a referee of several journals

In this research an analysis about a modified Ludzack Ettinger plant is developed for domewastes. The plant is modelled and simulated in Super Pro Design and it is composed by grid, anoxic reactor, aerobic reactor, settler and filter press.\r\nA factorial design, according Yate’s algoritm, at 2 levels is developed considering 4 factors as: the resident time of anoxic reactor (factor A), the resident time of aerobic reactor (factor B), internal recycle ratio (factor C), external recycle ratio (factor D). The concentration of NH3, TKN, NO3, total nitrogen, COD, BOD5, in addition to the SRT of anoxic and aerobic reactors are the analyzed responses. \r\nResults show that for the concentration of NH3 factors B, C, D and interactions AB, BC, BD, ABD, CD are significant. For the concentration of TKN factors B, C, A and interactions BD, BC, BCD are significant. For the concentration of NO3 factors B, C, D are significant. For the concentration of total nitrogen factors B, C, D, A are significant. For the concentration of COD factors B, C, D and interactions BC, BD, BCD are significant while for the concentration of BOD5 all main factors and interactions AB, AC, BC, ABC, BD, CD, BCD are significant. For the SRT of anoxic reactor all main factors and interactions AB, AC, BC, ABC, AD, BD, CD, ACD are significant. For the SRT of anaerobic reactor factor B, C, D and interactions BC, BD, CD, BCD are significant. \r\n

Hanan M Alrammah is a Medical Intern enrolled in the College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahan Bin Faisal University (IAU).

\r\nDynamic Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction (LVOTO) can be hemodynamically significant and affect adversely the heart and the quality of life. Systolic Anterior Motion (SAM) of the anterior mitral valve into the LVOT is the mechanism. However, mechanism of the SAM has been an area of special interest. SAM occurrence in the absence of septal hypertrophy is exceedingly uncommon. Herein, we present a case of a young male patient who sought medical care with a complaint of exertional dyspnea New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class 2-3, and was found to have SAM and severe LVOTO at rest without HCM, continuous wave Doppler signal showed a peak velocity of 4.96 m/s along the LV outflow tract, with a calculated pressure gradient at rest using the modified Bernoulli equation of 98.44 mmHg. The patient is not known to have any medical conditions, no family history of cardiac condition nor history of sudden death. Trans-Thoracic Echocardiography (TTE) showed concentric remodeling of the left ventricle without hypertrophy. Trans-Esophageal Echocardiography (TEE) was done for further assessment of the anatomy. The anterior and posterior mitral leaflet lengths were measured and were 3.7 cm, 1.3 cm respectively (Normal AML <3 cm, PML <1.5 cm). In our case the LVOTO is significant enough to result in a decreased cardiac output thereby explaining the symptoms and as a consequence the patient developed concentric remodeling. The only finding in this patient explaining SAM is an elongated anterior mitral leaflet.\r\n\r\n

She is currently pursuing Masters of Science in Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Mindanao, Philippines

Facial investigations using geometric morphometrics has been used in many studies to affirm that a particular disease can attribute to an individual’s facial morphology. A landmark based geometric morphometric analysis was used in this study to asses if facial shape changes is associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and if facial morphology of the CVD individuals differ from the normal ones. In the Municipality of Cantilan, Surigao del Sur, frontal face images taken from 32 cardiovascular disease patients and 32 normal individuals were examined using forty-one manually positioned landmarks. Result showed that facial morphology of the CVD group differ from non-CVD group. Procrustes ANOVA showed significant values for the individual symmetry and directional asymmetry. The analysis of structure by the Principal Components reveals particular variations and the scatter plot of the residual asymmetry shows distinct differences between CVD and non-CVD. Therefore, cardiovascular diseases contributes to facial shape changes and that development of facial morphology differ between CVD and non-CVD group.

Paula Moyano received his JD degree at the University Complutense University of Madrid in 2013. She has a Masters in Pedagogical Sciences 2017. She specialized in neurotoxicology and legal sciences and received his PhD in Toxicology and legal medicine in 2016.

Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal with industrial applications that have been shown to produce memory and learning deficits after acute and repeated exposure similar to those induced in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the complete mechanisms through which it induces these effects are unknown. In this regard, basal forebrain is one of the main regions involved in regulation of learning and memory processes and a degeneration of cholinergic neurons in this region has been related with cognitive disorders. Besides, it has been reported that manganese can induce cell death and oxidative stress on brain regions different from basal forebrain. Whether manganese-induced these effects in basal forebrain cholinergic neurons it would explain its effects on learning and memory processes. According to these data, we hypothesized that Mn could induce basal forebrain cholinergic cell death through oxidative stress generation. To prove this hypothesis, we evaluated in SN56 cell culture from basal forebrain, the Mn toxic effects after 24 h and 14 consecutive days exposure on cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and lipid peroxidation induction. This study shows that Mn increased the formation of ROS and induced lipid peroxidation after 24 h and 14 days of exposure. Mn also produced a decrease in cell viability of SN56 cells after 24 h and 14 days exposure, mediated partially by oxidative stress, although other mechanisms seem to be involved. Our present results provide the new view of the mechanisms contributing to Mn neurotoxicity and may explain cognitive dysfunctions observed after Mn exposure.

Dr. Bader Hassosah obtained his degree in Dentistry from the University of King Abdulaziz University, and postgraduate in Orthodontics at KAU (Board Certified). He is Head of orthodontic division and full time practice as Consultant in Orthodontics in KFAFH hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Correction of a skeletally class III malocclusion in an adult with a combined orthodontic-orthognathic approach\r\nBader Hassosah, KFAFH, Saudi Arabia\r\nAbstract\r\n\r\nThis case report describes a successful orthognathic treatment of a skeletal Class III malocclusion due to deficient maxilla and prognathic mandible in an adult individual. The patient with skeletal Class III malocclusion was treated with orthodontics and double jaws surgery. The surgical-orthodontic combination therapy has resulted in near-normal skeletal, dental and soft tissue relationship, with marked improvement in the facial esthetics in turn. The interdisciplinary approach is the treatment of choice in most of the skeletal malocclusions in an adult.\r\n\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\nThe Skeletal Class III malocclusion is characterized by mandibular prognathism, maxillary deficiency or both. The effect of environmental factors and oral function on the etiological factors of a Class III malocclusion is not completely understood. However, there is a definite familial and racial tendency to mandibular prognathism. For moderate to severe class III malocclusions in adult, surgical treatment can be the best alternative. Depending on the amount of skeletal discrepancy, surgical correction may consist of mandibular setback, maxillary advancement or a combination of mandibular and maxillary procedures.\r\n\r\nTREATMENT OBJECTIVES\r\nThe treatment objectives were to correct the skeletal class III relationship via orthognathic surgery to achieve class I buccal segment with normal overjet and overbite.\r\n\r\nTREATMENT PLAN AND ALTERNATIVES\r\nThe plan was combined surgical and orthodontic treatment that will correct the anteroposterior discrepancy, the anterior and bilateral posterior crossbite and will achieve a balanced face.\r\nThe alternative plan was surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion aimed for correction of the bilateral crossbite and extraction of one lower incisor that will increase the compensation and correct the anteroposterior discrepancy. The drawbacks of this plan it will not target the chief complaint of the patient that is the large lower jaw. In addition, this treatment modality usually done in mild to moderate cases as the mandibular incisors were not suitable for much distal movement because of the thin symphysis bone that could damage the periodontal tissues and diagnostic wax up should be checked for tooth size discrepancy after lower incisor extraction. For these reasons discussed above this plan was ignored.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nTREATMENT RESULT\r\nA well-aligned dentition and a good facial balance were obtained. Class I relationships were achieved with normal overjet and overbite and correction of the relative crossbite.\r\n\r\nCONCLUSION\r\nThis case report describes the surgical orthodontic treatment of an adult with severe skeletal and dental class III relationships. The orthognathic treatment was the best option for achieving an acceptable occlusion with good esthetic result. An experienced multidisciplinary team approach ensures a satisfactory outcome.\r\n

Ana Lucić Vrdoljak has completed her PhD at University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry. She is appointed as a Scientific Advisor at the Institute\r\nfor Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia, and as a Lecturer in the Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka. Her research interest\r\nare focused on experiments dealing biochemical markers of drug and chemical toxicity in vivo and in vitro. Her work has been presented through 60 scientific\r\npapers.

The use of cannabinoid-based preparations by cancer patients raises concern whether delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)\r\ncan modulate or even compromise the effectiveness of concurrently administered anticancer drugs. Irinotecan (IRI) is\r\na type of drug that causes various severe adverse effects such as diarrhoea, gastrointestinal toxicity and myelosuppression.\r\nNewer reports point to hepatotoxicity being an underestimated but important IRI side effect as well. This study focused on\r\nthe evaluation of potentially detrimental interactions of IRI and THC in the liver of Wistar rats. Male rats were concomitantly\r\nexposed to IRI (at 100 mg/kg b.w., administered once i.p.) and THC (administered repeatedly for 1, 3 and 7 days per os at 7 mg/\r\nkg b.w). Single IRI-treated rats, followed by those given combined treatment. In contrast to 3-day, 7-day treatment with single\r\nTHC slightly impaired hepatocyte DNA integrity. Rats given combined treatment demonstrated increased lipid peroxidation\r\nand higher CAT levels than those administered single IRI, at both time points, which may indicate that combined treatment\r\ninduced more intense oxidative stress. Our findings provide evidence regarding a significant synergic enhancement of IRI\r\ntoxicity caused by THC intake, which was confirmed using all of the applied biomarkers. Nevertheless, since we tested only one\r\nIRI and THC dose, further studies are required to further clarify their mutual interactions.

Kahtan J.Hasson;B.Sc pharmacy,1970,university of Baghdad.M.SC.pharmacy 1980,University of Heriot-Watt,UK .Assist Proff.in department of Pharmacy,Al-Rasheed University College ,Baghdad. and Consultant in Al-Safa Company for Pharm.products.

The suitability of the column of HPLC for the analysis of drugs in urine is so important to get good resolution and to obtain high accuracy in quantitative determination. It has been found that the use of reverse phase mode of chromatography is most preferable for the analysis of drugs, but it mostly suffers of interference of protein constituents, when it is applied on urine sample. Attempts to overcome these problems leads to use of ion-pair reverse phase mode of chromatography which turns the protein constituents more water soluble and can be eluted rapidly. However, this method needs very low pH mobile phase and long time of running to saturate the surface of the stationary phase with the ionic substance. \r\nIn this work, an HPLC simple and fast method for the quantitative determination of drug (metronidazole) in urine was developed by using the commercially available column ODS-RPS (4.6 x 150 mm),the mobile phase consists of phosphate buffer 0.1M (pH 4.50) containing acetonitrile 20% ,the detection was by UV at 320nm. The retention time of metronidazole peak was at 3.5 minutes at flow rate 1.0 ml/minute, while all the endogenous substances of urine are eluted within the first 2 minutes. Validation tests for this method are also carried; the precision of analysis for quantitative determination was approved by establishment a straight line relationship between the different dilutions of drug and the peaks areas in the chromatogram with a correlation coefficient of (0.998), the relative standard deviation for five replicate tests of the same concentration was < 1.2% indicating good accuracy.\r\n

Kyunghee Lee has completed her Doctor of Nursing Science at the age of 36 years from Seoul National University in South Korea and postdoctoral studies from University of Illinois at Chicago College of Nursing in USA. She is currently a professor of Mental Health Nursing at College of Nursing, Keimyung University in South Korea (1993-now). She was also a professor at Gongju National Nursing College (1983-1992). \r\nShe served as the President of Yeongnam Branch of Korean Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioners’ Society (2004-2006). She also served as an Editor-in-Chief of Keimyung Journal of Nursing Science and a Director of Research Institute of Nursing Science, Keimyung University (2015-2017). \r\nHer nursing background includes mobile phone-based therapeutic lifestyle change, autonomic balance, obesity management and metabolic syndrome. She has received research grants from various institutions including Korea Research Foundation.\r\nHer representative paper is as follows: Heart Rate Variability and Metabolic Syndrome in hospitalized Patients with Schizophrenia (2011). She has published more than 100 papers.\r\n

Diverse types of violence against nurses and other healthcare providers at hospital have been on the constant increase; in particular, nurses who frequently contact with patients are always exposed to the unavoidable risks of violence, which is a serious problem that puts them at a disadvantage \r\nNursing students were also found to experience many different types of violence at a hospital by patients, caregivers, nurses, doctors, and hospital employees. At least 75% of the nursing students experienced anxiety or fear due to the violence and had negative thinking due to the changes in their emotions and self-confidence in case of violence. It is necessary to give a proper level of knowledge and self-confidence in pursuit of threat control and intervention against violence in clinical practicum; when a violence intervention education program was run for nurses and nursing students, they not only became more confident but also saw an improvement in their knowledge, skills, and attitude toward the risk factors. \r\nWe aimed to develop and test the effects of a violence prevention program for nursing students in nursing clinical practicum. The study design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design and content analysis of the participation experience. The program was done in eight sessions—two sessions a week. The quantitative of the results showed knowledge about violence, communicative competence, communicative self-efficacy, and coping style were significantly better in the experimental group compared to the control group. According to the qualitative results, the nursing students experienced improvement in coping style against a violence during nursing clinical practicum. In conclusion, the application of a violence prevention program for nursing students are expected to help control violence in clinical practice and improve their ability to adapt themselves to clinical nursing practicum. \r\n

Emilda Belortaja is a graduate in General Medicine from the Medical University of Tirana, Albania. She is a 4th year resident in clinical- biochemical laboratory\r\nin the University Hospital Centre” Mother Theresa” in Tirana. Emilda is thrilled to continue working with the supportive group of laboratory specialists, who play a crucial role in her development as a resident with a keen interest in research. She enjoys medicine, but also has a love for research

BACKGROUND: Mature B cell neoplasms consist of entities arising from mature B lymphocytes which involve primarily the blood, bone marrow and lymphoid organs. The value of these investigations is discussed to\r\nemphasize the importance of morphology as front line diagnostic test and the correlation with flow cytometric\r\nimmunophenotyping (FCI).\r\nOBJECTIVE: To emphasize the importance of conventional morphology as front line test supported by (FCI) in diagnosis and separation of mature B cell neoplasms.\r\nMETHODS: We reviewed retrospectively the marrow smear and FCI of 195 patients with mature B cell neoplasms in a two-year period 2017-2018.\r\nRESULTS: 170 out of 195 patients showed morphological features of cells typical for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), (small lymphocytes, clumped chromatin, scanty cytoplasm) in all cases, compatible with FCI. 7 out of 195 patients have morphological features of circulating cells of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) (small-to-medium lymphocytes, eccentric round-to-oval nucleus, scanty cytoplasm with hair-like projections), compatible with FCI. 18 out of 195 patients the morphological features of circulating cells are lymphoma cells (large cells with a high N:C ratio, a noncleaved\r\nnucleus and prominent nucleoli, or smaller cells with more basophilic cytoplasm and a cleaved nucleus). 16 out of 18 cases have the FCI compatible with non Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and 2 cases are unspecified by FCI.\r\nCONCLUSION: In this study, conventional morphology and FCI are 100 % compatible in cases of CLL and HCL and 88,9 % compatible in cases with NHL.

Manasa. A has completed her MBBS from Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka, India and is currently in her final year of General Surgery residency in the prestigious Madras Medical College, Chennai, India, which is the third oldest medical college in India. She has been awarded the best paper award by the Association of Surgeons of India, Chennai city chapter. She actively participates in local surgical society meets, clinical audits, poster presentations and other academic presentations. She is known for her keen interest in medical research activities.

Anal canal melanoma, a rare tumor, constituting 0.5-2% of all the anorectal malignancies and less than 2% of all melanomas. We present a case of a 38 year old male, who presented with mass descending per-rectum for a duration of 3 months, with occasional bleeding Per-rectum while straining for stools. He consulted in various hospitals, who diagnosed him to have hemorrhoids and advised for conservative management. On examination, he had a 4x4 centimeters bluish black mass descending per rectum which became prominent on bearing down, with no active bleeding and no lymphadenopathy. Computed tomography (CT) abdomen revealed anal canal thickening, extending to the distal rectum with peritoneal deposits. Colonoscopy revealed a growth arising from the anal verge, extending 10 centimeters upwards. Guided biopsy confirmed it to be mucosal melanoma, following the application of S-100 and HMB 45 stains. Considering the advance nature of the condition, he received chemotherapy (dacarbazine and cisplatin).Anal canal melanomas are the third most common, following cutaneous and ocular varieties. They frequently present with non-specific symptoms: rectal bleeding, tenesmus, anorectal mass, change in bowel habits and hemorrhoids. It most commonly metastasizes to inguinal lymph nodes, mesenteric lymph nodes, hypogastric lymph nodes, para –aortic lymph nodes, liver, lung, skin and brain. Surgery (WLE/APR) may be an option when presented early without distal organ involvement. Palliative chemo/radiotherapy for advanced diseases. High index of clinical suspicion, especially when the symptoms are incongruent with clinical findings is of utmost importance in diagnosing and managing aggressive conditions like this.

Esther Jung is a rising high school senior attending from Southern California. Her motivation to support those with special needs, especially autism, has led her to dedicate time outside of school to autism-related activities. As the President of Autism Speaks student organization at her school, she aims to educate high school students and other people in her community about autism.

Autism spectrum disorder, or ASD, is a neurodevelopmental disorder found in roughly one in 68 children. It is characterized by socio-communicative impairment and repetitive behaviors that interfere with an individual’s ability to function. Although it can be found within any racial and ethnic group, it is much less commonly diagnosed among females than males. Further insight shows that the diagnostic criteria for females across multiple diagnostic tools require more severe autistic symptoms and greater cognitive and behavioral issues. This paper investigates the cause behind the gender gap between males and females diagnosed with autism. Through multiple studies and articles, it was discovered that a specific phenotype exists for most autistic females, the phenotype being the ability to mask symptoms and mimic social behaviors/cues of peers without autism. These traits commonly found in females causes autism to go unnoticed or misdiagnosed leading to detrimental mental health effects on girls and women. This founding called for more attentive observations from researchers, as well as revisions to current diagnostic tools for a clearly defined symptomology of autism in females. The articles used in this paper are from Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, Autism, Social Work in Mental Health, Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, and Research in Developmental Disabilities, all of which specialize in publishing works on disorders, especially autism. This research is extremely important to prevent late diagnosis of autism in females. There exists a profound need for advanced research to close the gender gap in this growing field. It is not uncommon to find girls who have been misdiagnosed for depression until they are re-diagnosed for autism at the age of 17. To prevent future generations of females secretly suffering from autism to go undiagnosed, it is pivotal to properly educate and train professionals, such as social workers, medical practitioners, and teachers to identify the appropriate symptoms in girls. Providing updated diagnostic tools is the first step towards the right direction regarding this critical issue

Vilma G Duschak, Dr in Biochemistry (1989), UBA. CONICET Researcher, Argentina since 1994. Post-grade in Medicine Chile University (1990); Cooperation: Instituto-Cs-Biomédicas- San Pablo-University-Brasil (2005), Universite-Jules Verne-Amiens- France (2007), Bernhard Notch Inst. of Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany (2010-2011). Editorial Advisory Board Member, Bentham Science Publishers. USA. Awards and distinctions: 6. Publications: more than 40, Assistance to more than 100 National and international Congresses. Directed Thesis: 5. Roche Diagnostics International Meeting expert, New York, USA (2016). Evaluator of research projects from ANPCyT, CONICET and UBA (Argentina), OTKA (Hungary) and European Union international projects, Brussels (2018).

Statement of the Problem.Chagas disease (ChD) constitutes a major endemic health problem in Latin America. The presence of sulfate-bearing-glycoproteins has been identified in Trypanosoma cruzi, they are targets of specific immune responses and subjects chronically infected with T. cruzi mount specific humoral immune responses to sulfated glycoproteins. Cruzipain (Cz), a major antigen. containing a C-terminal domain (C-T), is responsible for the immunogenicity of the molecule in natural and experimental infection Synthetic anionic sugar conjugates containing N-acetyl D glucosamine-6-sulfate (NAcGlc6-SO3) mimics the N-glycan-linked sulfated epitope (sulfotope) displayed in the C-T. IgG2 antibody levels specific for sulfotopes are inversely correlated with Chagas disease severity. Another sulfated glycoprotein with serinecarboxypeptidase (SCP) activity was studied. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: Native SCP co-purifies with Cz from Concanavalin-A affinity columns. The Cz-SCP mixture was desulfated, ascribing the cross-reactivity between both molecules to the presence of sulfated groups. SCP-N-glycosydic chains were analyzed by UV-MALDI-TOF-MS. Immunobloting of lysates from the different parasite stages were confronted with SO3-specific antibodies; in vivo effects of sodium chlorate on Cz-sulfation and tissue damage in C-T-immunized-mice muscle-tissues were evaluated. Findings: I) The presence of short-sulfated high-mannose-type oligosaccharidic chains was confirmed in SCP II) sulfotopes participate in trypomastigotes infection of cardiac cells; iii) sulfotopes generate muscle tissue damage in BALB/c mice, in absence of infection. iv) sulfotopes from Cz and other sulfated glycoproteins participate in parasite infection and immunopathogenesis. v) Sulfotopes and their specific antibodies are responsible for the ultrastructural abnormalities observed in the outcome of the experimental ChD disease vi) a band with apparent molecular weight similar to SCP was highly recognized in trypomastigotes: vi) SCP is a minor antigen recognized by most of chronic-Chagas-disease-patient´s sera. Conclusion & Significance. The shared sulfotopes between Cz and SCP, and the enhanced presence of sulfotopes in trypomastigotes, are involved in parasite-host relationship, in immunopathogenic and infection processes.

Fabiola Mallon is Food Engineer, currently specializes in obtaining, studying and characterizing natural extracts and a passion to improve health and well-being through the benefits of natural foods. She joined the postgraduate Biomaterials team which specialize in the subject, improving the study and evaluation techniques learned. Uses a method of economic extraction, fast and low energy achieving good results that will soon be applied to an in vivo model followed by the design of a new product qualified as functional food.

The Artichoke (Cynara scolymus) is an herbaceous plant originally and cultivated mostly in the Mediterranean region of Europe where it has been studied and appreciated for its goodness in health, for which it is known and consumed worldwide. In Mexico there is a minor crop of this plant, although it is not yet mass consumption in the population, the interest of this research is to study and characterize the artichoke produced in Mexico, comparing its properties with what has already been reported, also with these results to promote and publicize the benefits of including it in food. The ultrasonic extraction methodology (UAE) was used, through which it was possible to obtain an extract with a total phenolic content of: 124±19 mg EAG / g ES, flavonoid content: 80±17 mg EC / g ES , iron reducing capacity: 610±43 µM ET / 1000ppm, the EC50 value for the DPPH of 110±0.4 ppm and the mass extraction yield was 8.33%. With these results it is concluded that the artichoke has an important phenolic and antioxidant content so there is potential in its use as a source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity in the food industry.

Vincent Xin is an 11th grade student at Shanghai American School Puxi with a passion for STEM, especially the field of microbiology. A member of the Science National Honor Society, Vincent has been conducting and presenting research for over 3 years. He spent two summers doing research projects in the clinical laboratory at Renji Hospital, which is affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, under the supervision of clinical microbiologist Qin Juanxiu, M.S.. With these research projects, Vincent participated in several international and national science fairs, earning a top 5 finish at 2019 Sichuan Intel Cup and attending Intel ISEF 2019( International Science and Engineering Fair) as a finalist.

Biofilms play a key role in bacterial resistance against antibiotics. Formation of biofilms enables S. epidermidis to become established in hospital environments and be a major cause of nosocomial infections . 50% of clinical isolated S. epidermidis from inpatients at Shanghai Renji Hospital are biofilm-forming, 95% are methicillin-resistant. Formation of biofilms and antibiotic-resistant strains render S. epidermidis infections a serious health issure—single antibiotic treatment often fails and removal of the infected catheter or prostheses is required. The development of more effective methods of treating biofilm-involved S. epidermidis infections will be a major step forward to counter such infections. To simulate S. epidermidis biofilm-involved infections, the two chosen clinical isolates were the most prevalent strains at Renji: biofilm-forming and methicillin-resistant. This study confirmed the significant presence of eProteins and eDNA in S. epidermidis biofilms, and found that the most effective biofilm degradation (52.5%) is achieved by the dual degradation method of protease K 1U/ml, 2hrs, and DNase 20ug/ml, 12 hrs. Pre-treating biofilm with this method enhances bactericidal efficacy of Vancomycin and Linezolid by >90% (P<0.001).This study proved the effectiveness of the novel Protease +DNase +antibiotic combination treatment for treating biofilm-involved infections by reducing biofilm biomass and enhancing the bactericidal effect of antibiotics.

Anna Cybulska has completed his Ph.D. at the age of 25 years from Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin. She is a young scientist who works in Department of Nursing in PMU in Szczecin. She has published papers in reputed journals.

Chronic kidney disease ( is a multi symptom syndrome that develops in consequence of progressive and irreversible damage to all renal structures, namely the excretory, metabolic, and secretory systems Renal replacement therapy is an option that forces patients to change their functioning and everyday life Institutionalizing adherence to treatment in hemodialysis patients is one of the important nursing goals for improving the quality of life in these patients In order to the health level and feeling of well being hemodialysis, patients should adherence to the treatment

Hector Magno is a researcher, data analyst, and software developer. He attended UC Berkeley as a Regent and Chancellor’s Scholar and earned a degree in Computer Science. He also attended UC Berkeley as a National Science Foundation fellow, earned a graduate degree in Computer Science

Since the late 1940s, mass vaccination programs in the USA have contributed to the significantly reduced morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases. To assist the evaluation of the benefits of mass vaccination programs, the number of individuals who would have suffered death or permanent disability in the USA in 2014, had mass vaccination never been implemented, was estimated for measles, mumps, rubella, tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, polio, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), hepatitis B, varicella, and human papillomavirus (HPV). The estimates accounted for mortality and morbidity trends observed for these infections prior to mass vaccination and the impact of advances in standard of living and health care. The estimates also considered populations with and without known factors leading to an elevated risk of permanent injury from infection. Mass vaccination prevented an estimated 20 million infections and 12,000 deaths and permanent disabilities in 2014, including 10,800 deaths and permanent disabilities in persons at elevated risk. Though 9000 of the estimated prevented deaths were from liver cirrhosis and cancer, mass vaccination programs have not, at this point, shown empirical impacts on the prevalence of those conditions. Future studies can refine these estimates, assess the impact of adjusting estimation assumptions, and consider additional risk factors that lead to heightened risk of permanent harm from infection.

Hector Magno is a researcher, data analyst, and software developer. He attended UC Berkeley as a Regent and Chancellor’s Scholar and earned a degree in Computer Science. He also attended UC Berkeley as a National Science Foundation fellow, earned a graduate degree in Computer Science, and received the National Science Foundation Award in Mathematics.

Measuring the Benefits of Mass Vaccination Programs in the United States: Since the late 1940s, mass vaccination programs in the USA have contributed to the significantly reduced morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases. To assist the evaluation of the benefits of mass vaccination programs, the number of individuals who would have suffered death or permanent disability in the USA in 2014, had mass vaccination never been implemented, was estimated for measles, mumps, rubella, tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, polio, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), hepatitis B, varicella, and human papillomavirus (HPV). The estimates accounted for mortality and morbidity trends observed for these infections prior to mass vaccination and the impact of advances in standard of living and health care. The estimates also considered populations with and without known factors leading to an elevated risk of permanent injury from infection. Mass vaccination prevented an estimated 20 million infections and 12,000 deaths and permanent disabilities in 2014, including 10,800 deaths and permanent disabilities in persons at elevated risk. Though 9000 of the estimated prevented deaths were from liver cirrhosis and cancer, mass vaccination programs have not, at this point, shown empirical impacts on the prevalence of those conditions. Future studies can refine these estimates, assess the impact of adjusting estimation assumptions, and consider additional risk factors that lead to heightened risk of permanent harm from infection.

Chairman, Scientific Committee, Makkah International Dental Conference. Giving workshop on Nitrous oxide/ Oxygen inhalation sedation for dentists.

Dr. Anitha Ayyappan Pillai did her Ph.D. at Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum in the field of Population Genetics. She then worked as a Postdoctoral fellow and then as Assistant Professor at Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan. At present, she works as an Associate Professor at Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Shoranur. Her main research area is Neurogenetics. Dr. Anitha has received research grants from national and international funding agencies in India and Japan. She has authored >40 scientific papers in leading international journals and has co-authored book chapters.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a childhood-onset complex neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex genetic architecture. To identify the potential candidate genes of ASD, we carried out a whole exome sequencing (WES) study of ASD twin, triplet and quadruplet families in the Indian population. Five monozygotic twin-, five dizygotic twin-, one monozygotic triplet-, and one multizygotic quadruplet- families participated in the study. The monozygotic twins, triplet and quadruplet were discordant for ASD, while the dizygotic twins were concordant for ASD. WES was done for all the members of each family. The de novo and inherited variants of probands were filtered from WES data. Among the proband-specific de novo and inherited variants, there were 23 deleterious variants. Some of the novel ASD candidate genes include, TRAM2, DGKD, OR5AC2, FLNB, TENM2 and ADAMTS18. These genes are known to play crucial roles in neurodevelopment, axon guidance and synaptic pasticity. They have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurobehavioral disorders such as epilepsy and Ehlers–Danlos syndromes that share genetic etiologies and biological processes with ASD. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that the genes harboring proband-specific variants were enriched in biological processes involving cell adhesion, synaptic transmission and nervous system development. Embryonic neurogenesis is considered as a potentially important period in the pathogenesis of ASD. The onset of ASD is early in life during the period of rapid synaptogenesis. Aberrations in the aforementioned biological processes may lead to altered neurogenesis causing ASD. This is the first comprehensive genetic study of ASD in any Indian population.

Assoc. Prof. Melania Munteanu. Since 2006 I have been part of the Western University Vasile Goldis group first as an assistant, following by lecture from 2012, and since 2016 as an assoc. prof. to the Biochemistry, Environmental Chemistry, and Functional Nutrition disciplines. Graduated from the University of Medicines and Pharmacy, Targu Mures [Bachelor degree in Pharmacy, 1996], followed by the PhD. in Pharmaceutical science 2007, at the same University. Since 2017, I am a senior pharmacist in the Pharmaceutical laboratory, a title obtained from the University of Medicines and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucuresti. Published over 50 scientific papers, more of them in important journals such as Int. J. Mol. Sci., Current Drug Delivery, Open Chem., Molecules, Chem Cent J., Cancer Cell Int. The written articles were over 280 quotes. I am a member of the Association of Pharmacy Professionals (APP). My area of research includes nutrition, the interaction between food and disease, plant research, and nanomolecules. ORCID: 0000-0001-5226-5543 [email protected]

The purpose of this research consists of a comparison of vitamin C from different varieties of Capsicum annuum. The quantity of vitamin C was led through the iodometric redox titration method with Iodine in excess when Ascorbic Acid is reduced to Dehydroascorbic Acid. The first evaluation of the quantity of vitamin C was in function of the pepper’s color. In red pepper, the quantity of vitamin C is higher than in green pepper. In red pepper, the vitamin C is 8,917mg/100g pepper, and in green pepper is 4,693mg/100g pepper. The second comparison was made between capsicum which grows in a garden and capsicum bought in the supermarket. The quantity of vitamin C in capsicum which grows in a garden was 8,135mg/100g, and in capsicum bought in the supermarket was 7,884 mg/100g. The quantity of vitamin C in capsicum analyzed is between 4,693 – 11,264 mg /100 g. Conclusion The result shows that the quantity of vitamin C is influenced by the color of capsicum, and also the place of cultivation. The capsicum bought from the supermarket came from another country, but the other is from Romanian production. Importance of Research The natural source of vitamin C represent in real interest for pharmaceutical industry. The research shows the importance of Capsicum grown in garden due to the huge amount in vitamin C.

Assoc. Prof. Melania Munteanu. Since 2006 I have been part of the Western University Vasile Goldis group first as an assistant, following by lecture from 2012, and since 2016 as an assoc. prof. to the Biochemistry, Environmental Chemistry, and Functional Nutrition disciplines. Graduated from the University of Medicines and Pharmacy, Targu Mures [Bachelor degree in Pharmacy, 1996], followed by the PhD. in Pharmaceutical science 2007, at the same University. Since 2017, I am a senior pharmacist in the Pharmaceutical laboratory, a title obtained from the University of Medicines and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucuresti. Published over 50 scientific papers, more of them in important journals such as Int. J. Mol. Sci., Current Drug Delivery, Open Chem., Molecules, Chem Cent J., Cancer Cell Int. The written articles were over 280 quotes. I am a member of the Association of Pharmacy Professionals (APP). My area of research includes nutrition, the interaction between food and disease, plant research, and nanomolecules. ORCID: 0000-0001-5226-5543 [email protected]

The purpose of this research consists of a comparison of vitamin C from different varieties of Capsicum annuum. The quantity of vitamin C was led through the iodometric redox titration method with Iodine in excess when Ascorbic Acid is reduced to Dehydroascorbic Acid. The first evaluation of the quantity of vitamin C was in function of the pepper’s color. In red pepper, the quantity of vitamin C is higher than in green pepper. In red pepper, the vitamin C is 8,917mg/100g pepper, and in green pepper is 4,693mg/100g pepper. The second comparison was made between capsicum which grows in a garden and capsicum bought in the supermarket. The quantity of vitamin C in capsicum which grows in a garden was 8,135mg/100g, and in capsicum bought in the supermarket was 7,884 mg/100g. The quantity of vitamin C in capsicum analyzed is between 4,693 – 11,264 mg /100 g. Conclusion The result shows that the quantity of vitamin C is influenced by the color of capsicum, and also the place of cultivation. The capsicum bought from the supermarket came from another country, but the other is from Romanian production. Importance of Research The natural source of vitamin C represent in real interest for pharmaceutical industry. The research shows the importance of Capsicum grown in garden due to the huge amount in vitamin C.

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